Scribd
Upload
37 views28 pages

Bio Chapter 1

This document provides an overview of bioprocess engineering and biotechnology. It defines biotechnology and its applications in healthcare, agriculture, and environment. It describes the branches of biotechnology such as blue, green, red, and white biotechnology. It also discusses bioprocess engineering, which deals with designing processes to manufacture products from biotechnology. The key aspects covered are upstream and downstream processing in bioproduction.

Uploaded by

Areej Alissa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
37 views28 pages

Bio Chapter 1

This document provides an overview of bioprocess engineering and biotechnology. It defines biotechnology and its applications in healthcare, agriculture, and environment. It describes the branches of biotechnology such as blue, green, red, and white biotechnology. It also discusses bioprocess engineering, which deals with designing processes to manufacture products from biotechnology. The key aspects covered are upstream and downstream processing in bioproduction.

Uploaded by

Areej Alissa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

BIOPROCESS/CHEMICAL

ENGINEERING

Prof. Zakaria Al-Qodah

Department of Chemical Engineering


Faculty of Engineering Technology

Summer Semester (2019-2020)


Evaluation

1. Attendance , Quiz & assignment 50%

2. Final Exam 50%


Definition of Biotechnology
Biotechnology is an enormously wide field of science and
technology. It embraces many branches, from techniques to
improve crops productivity to the manipulation of human
genes. Thus, in an attempt to comprehend all biotechnological
activities, the following definition is provided:

A set of biological techniques developed through basic research


and now applied research and product development
Definition of Biotechnology
 Biotechnology is technology based on biology, especially
when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine.
United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity defines
biotechnology as:
 Any technological application that uses biological systems,
living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify
products or processes for specific use.
 Biotechnology is often used to refer to genetic engineering
technology of the 21st century,
Applications
Biotechnology has applications in four major industrial areas:

 Health care (medical),

 Crop production and agriculture

 Non food uses of crops and other products

 Environmental uses. For example,


 one application of biotechnology is the directed use of organisms for
the manufacture of organic products (milk products)
Branches of biotechnology:

 Blue biotechnology
 Green biotechnology
 Red biotechnology
 White biotechnology
Blue biotechnology
Blue biotechnology is
a term that has been
used to describe the
marine and aquatic
applications of biote-
chnology, but its use
is relatively rare.
Green biotechnology
 Green biotechnology is biotechnology
applied to agricultural processes.

 An example would be the selection


and domestication of plants via
micropropagation.

 Another example is the designing of


transgenic plants to grow under
specific environmental conditions or
in the presence (or absence) of ce rtain
agricultural chemicals.
Red biotechnology
 Red biotechnology refers to the use of
organisms for the improvement of
medical processes.

 It includes the designing of organisms to


manufacture pharmaceutical products
like antibiotics and vaccines,
 The engineering of genetic cures through
genomic manipulation, and its use in
forensics through DNA profiling.
White Biotechnology

White biotechnology, or industrial biotechnology as it


is also known, refers to the use of living cells and/or
their enzymes to create industrial products that are
more easily degradable, require less energy, create less
waste during production and sometimes perform better
than products created using traditional ...

10
Product classes of chemical industry
Polymers
• Products from Industrial chemicals
petrochemistry
Solvents
Elastomers
Paint
Common
Pharmaceuticals feature of
petro- and
Agrochemicals
biochemicals:
Oleochemicals
Carbon as
Alcohols backbone
• Products from
Amino acids
industrial
Organic acids
biotechnology
Vitamins

11
Similar flow charts facilitate transition

12
Products from White Biotechnology
• Organic acids
– lactic acid: building block chemical, polymers
– succinic acid: building block chemical
– citric acid: food, detergents, industry
• Amino acids
– Lysin: food, feed
– Amino acid precursers: building block chemicals, polymers
• Alcohols
– Ethanol: biofuels
– Butanol: biofuels, solvents
– Propanediol: building block chemical, polymers

Produced from sugar


Metabolic engineering = essential technology to direct the process from
substrate to product
Bioprocess engineering / Biochemical engineering

The efficient utilization of physical, chemical and


biological processes to convert raw materials into useful
products, at minimal cost, with minimal energy
consumption, and with minimal impact on the
environment.

It deals with the design and development of equipment


and processes to manufacture products such as food,
pharmaceuticals, chemicals, beverages, etc.,
MULTIDISCPLENARY AREA
In addition, to Biochemical /chemical engineers other
professions are needed to apply their disciplines in
bioprocesses such as:

Biologists
Chemists
Mechanical Engineers
Industrial Engineers
And others
ENGINEERS -
BIOLOGISTS
 Their experience and training are completely different

 Mathematics except statistics plays a secondary role for


biologists
 They are very strong with respect to laboratory tools and in the
interpretation of lab. Data from complex systems
 Their results are qualitative and descriptive
 Engineers are very strong in physical and mathematical sciences
 Mathematical formulation and modeling
 Comparing the models to the experimental data
 Unfamiliar with experimental techniques used by life sciences
COMPLEMENTARY AND INTEGRATED
SKILLS
 Integration of skills is required
 Engineers needed some solid understanding of some skills

 Sufficient biological background in order to successfully
apply his engineering principles

 Little Microbiology

 Little Biochemistry

 This will offer a team common language


BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING
 Process for developing useful products by taking
advantage of natural biological activities.

 Classical example include making ethanol – the yeast cells


and nutrients (cereal grains) formed a fermentation
system in which the organisms consumed the nutrients for
the growth and produced by-products (alcohol).

 Today's modern bioprocess technology is based on the


same principle: combining living matter (whole organisms
or enzymes) with nutrients under the conditions necessary
to make the desired end product.
BIOPROCESSING

Many potential uses of biotechnology are developed


through laboratory procedures that generally
produce only small amounts of useful substances.

As advances in bioprocess technology, particularly,


fermentation, separation and purification techniques,
are made- commercial firms are able to economically
produce these substances in large amounts
BIOPROCESSING
Because bioprocesses use living material, they offer several
advantages over conventional chemical methods of production:

They usually require lower temperature, pressure, and pH.

 They can use renewable resources as raw materials; and greater


quantities can be produced with less energy consumption.

No harm emissions

Utilizes Bio wastes to generate value-added products


BIOPROCESSING
In bioprocesses, enzymes are used to catalyze the
biochemical reactions by whole microorganisms or
their cellular components.

The biological catalyst causes the reactions to occur,


but is not itself changed.

After a series of such reactions (which take place in


large vessels called fermenters or fermentation
tanks), the initial raw materials are chemically
changed to form the desired end product.
BIOPROCESSING
Bioprocesses have become widely used in fields, such as
production of enzymes and proteins that are used in:

 Food processing
Waste management

Medical research

Agriculture

Pharmaceutical development

Numerous other fields of science and industry.


Microorganisms as Product Factory

• Microorganisms in the process of self replication, produce


numerous complex macromolecules from about 100 different
monomer units.

• To achieve this a bacterial cell uses well over 1000 different


enzymes and a eukaryotic cell may employ twice as many.
Products of Bioprocess Technology
Bioprocessing

Fermentation (upstream processing)

+
Product recovery (downstream processing)
UPSTREAM -
DOWNSTREAM
Upstream processing refers to the culturing of cells
and microorganisms to create the bulk bio-product.

This processing is typically done through cell


culture or fermentation

Downstream processing includes isolation and


purification of the desired product from biological
cells.
Upstream - Downstream
UPSTREAM - DOWNSTREAM
Upstream processing refers to the culturing of cells
and microorganisms to create the bulk bio-product.

This processing is typically done through cell


culture or fermentation

Downstream processing includes isolation and


purification of the desired product from biological
cells.

You might also like