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    Lecture 01

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    Colesha Baruka
    This document discusses microcontrollers and compares them to general purpose microprocessors. Microcontrollers contain a CPU as well as RAM, ROM, I/O ports, timers and other peripherals integrated into a single chip. This makes them well-suited for embedded applications where cost and space are critical factors. The 8051 microcontroller was introduced by Intel in 1981 and became widely popular due to its availability from multiple manufacturers and extensive software development tools. It had 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of ROM and I/O and timer peripherals integrated on a single chip.

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    Lecture 01

    Uploaded by

    Colesha Baruka
    49 views14 pages
    This document discusses microcontrollers and compares them to general purpose microprocessors. Microcontrollers contain a CPU as well as RAM, ROM, I/O ports, timers and other peripherals integrated into a single chip. This makes them well-suited for embedded applications where cost and space are critical factors. The 8051 microcontroller was introduced by Intel in 1981 and became widely popular due to its availability from multiple manufacturers and extensive software development tools. It had 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of ROM and I/O and timer peripherals integrated on a single chip.

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    This document discusses microcontrollers and compares them to general purpose microprocessors. Microcontrollers contain a CPU as well as RAM, ROM, I/O ports, timers and other peripherals integrated into a single chip. This makes them well-suited for embedded applications where cost and space are critical factors. The 8051 microcontroller was introduced by Intel in 1981 and became widely popular due to its availability from multiple manufacturers and extensive software development tools. It had 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of ROM and I/O and timer peripherals integrated on a single chip.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    49 views14 pages

    Lecture 01

    Uploaded by

    Colesha Baruka
    This document discusses microcontrollers and compares them to general purpose microprocessors. Microcontrollers contain a CPU as well as RAM, ROM, I/O ports, timers and other peripherals integrated into a single chip. This makes them well-suited for embedded applications where cost and space are critical factors. The 8051 microcontroller was introduced by Intel in 1981 and became widely popular due to its availability from multiple manufacturers and extensive software development tools. It had 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of ROM and I/O and timer peripherals integrated on a single chip.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    CHAPTER 1

    THE 8051
    MICROCONTROLLERS
    Microcontroller vs. General-
    Purpose Microprocessor
    General-purpose microprocessors have
    ◦ No RAM
    ◦ No ROM
    ◦ No I/O ports
    Microcontrollers have
    ◦ CPU (microprocessor)
    ◦ RAM
    ◦ ROM
    ◦ I/O ports
    Microcontroller vs. General-
    Purpose Microprocessor (cont.)
    ◦ Timer
    ◦ ADC and other peripherals
    Microcontroller vs. General-
    Purpose Microprocessor (cont.)
    General-purpose microprocessors
    ◦ Must add RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and timers
    externally to make them functional
    ◦ Make the system bulkier and much more
    expensive
    ◦ Have the advantage of versatility on the
    amount of RAM, ROM, and I/O ports
    Microcontroller vs. General-
    Purpose Microprocessor (cont.)
    Microcontroller
    ◦ The fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, and
    number of I/O ports makes them ideal for
    many applications in which cost and space are
    critical
    ◦ In many applications, the space it takes, the
    power it consumes, and the price per unit are
    much more critical considerations than the
    computing power
    Microcontrollers for Embedded
    Systems
    An embedded product uses a microprocessor
    (or microcontroller) to do one task and one
    task only
    ◦ There is only one application software that is
    typically burned into ROM
    A PC can be used for any number of
    applications
    ◦ It has RAM memory and an operating system that
    loads a variety of applications into RAM and lets
    the CPU run them
    Microcontrollers for Embedded
    Systems (cont.)
    A PC contains or is connected to various
    embedded products
    ◦ Each one peripheral has a microcontroller
    inside it that performs only one task
    Home
    ◦ Appliances, telephones, security systems,
    TVs, video games, cellular phones, camera,
    Office
    ◦ Telephones, computers, fax, laser printer
    x86 PC Embedded Applications
    Very often the terms embedded processor
    and microcontroller are used
    interchangeably
    One of the most critical needs of an
    embedded system is to decrease power
    consumption and space
    ◦ The trend is to integrate more functions on the
    CPU chip and let designer decide which
    features he/she wants to use
    Criteria for Choosing a
    Microcontroller
    Meeting the computing needs of the task
    at hand efficiently and cost effectively
    ◦ Speed, Packaging, Power consumption
    ◦ The amount of RAM and ROM on chip
    ◦ The number of I/O pins and the timers on
    chip
    ◦ How easy to upgrade to higher performance or
    lower power-consumption versions
    ◦ Cost per unit
    Criteria for Choosing a
    Microcontroller (cont.)
    Availability of software development
    tools, such as compilers, assemblers, and
    debuggers
    Wide availability and reliable sources of
    the microcontroller
    ◦ The 8051 family has the largest number of
    diversified (multiple source) suppliers
     Intel (original), Atmel, Philips/Signetics, AMD,
    Infineon (formerly Siemens), Matra, Dallas
    Semiconductor/Maxim
    8051 Microcontroller
    Intel introduced 8051, referred as MCS-
    51, in 1981
    ◦ The 8051 is an 8-bit processor
    ◦ The CPU can work on only 8 bits of data at a
    time
     The 8051 had:
    ◦ 128 bytes of RAM, 4K bytes of on-chip ROM
    ◦ One serial port, four I/O ports (8 bits wide)
    ◦ Two timers, 6 interrupt sources
    8051 Microcontroller (cont.)
    The 8051 became widely popular after
    allowing other manufactures to make and
    market any flavor of the 8051
    ◦ Remaining code-compatible
    8051 Microcontroller (cont.)
    8051 Family
    The 8051 is a subset of the 8052
    The 8031 is a ROM-less 8051
    ◦ Add external ROM to it
     You lose two ports,
     One for the address bus, the other for the data bus
    ◦ Leave only 2 ports for I/O operations

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