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Project Planning 3: The Logical Framework

Part 3 of an 8 module course in aid and development project cycle planning using the logical framework approach, and Part 5 of a series of 11 on managing teams and projects in NGOs. A useful resource handout is Bond Notes 4 "Logical Framework Analysis" at http://www.scribd.com/doc/52592133/Module-5-handout-Guide-to-Logical-Framework and the Logical Frameworkk Guide at http://www.scribd.com/doc/52588900/Logical-Framework-Guide-Module-5-Handout

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1K views44 pages

Project Planning 3: The Logical Framework

Part 3 of an 8 module course in aid and development project cycle planning using the logical framework approach, and Part 5 of a series of 11 on managing teams and projects in NGOs. A useful resource handout is Bond Notes 4 "Logical Framework Analysis" at http://www.scribd.com/doc/52592133/Module-5-handout-Guide-to-Logical-Framework and the Logical Frameworkk Guide at http://www.scribd.com/doc/52588900/Logical-Framework-Guide-Module-5-Handout

Uploaded by

Makewa
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Project Planning 3

The Logical Framework


Overview of this session

 Review project cycle


 The LFA process
 The Logical Framework
 Preparing LF
 Using LF to guide M&E
Generic Project Cycle

Evaluation Identification

Implementation &
Appraisal
Monitoring

Negotiation and Approval


Project Cycle Stages:

Identification
Appraisal
Negotiation and Approval
Implementation and Monitoring
Evaluation and Closure
Developing the Logical
Framework
Logical Framework Approach

 In German:
ZOPP (Zielorientierte Projektplanung)

 In English:
GOPP- Goal Oriented Project Planning
OOPP- Objective Oriented Project Planning
Organisations Using the
Logframe
• USAID, USA • DGCS - Min. of For. Aff., Italy
• GTZ, Germany • ICAX - Min. of Industry, Spain
• DfID, Great-Britain • SIDA, Sweden
• NORAD, Norway • UNIDO, Vienna
• DANIDA, Denmark • FINNIDA - Min. of For. Aff., Finland
• AUSAID, Australia • HELLASCO, Greece
• Intercooperation, Switzerland • WWF
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs, France • Int. Federation of Red Cross
• DGCD, Belgium • UNDP
• European Commission • FAO
Logical Framework Approach

 “ a quality-based understanding of
planning.. based on a participatory and
transparent .. planning process, aimed
towards the needs of partners and target
groups, in which the key elements of a
project are agreed on step by step, in
teams, with those concerned, and
recorded transparently” (GTZ, 2005)
Logical Framework Approach

 provides a systematic structure for


identification, planning, and management of
projects
o developed in a workshop setting
o with principal interest groups.
Advantages of the logical framework

 Problems are analysed systematically


 The objectives are clear, logical and measurable
 The risks and conditions for success of a project
are taken into account
 There is an objective basis for monitoring and
evaluation

Your project proposal will be coherent


The logical framework approach

Analysis phase Planning phase

Decide what you will Decide how you will


do it
do

4. Logframe
1. Problem
5. Activity planning
2. Objectives
6. Resources
planning
3. Strategy
The logical framework approach

Analysis phase

1. Problem analysis: stakeholders, problems,


constraints, opportunities, causes and effects.
2. Analysis of objectives: objectives from the
problems, relationships from means to ends.
3. Analysis of the strategy: identify the
different strategies to achieve objectives
(overall objectives and project purpose or
specific objective).
The logical framework approach

Planning phase

4. Logframe:
define the project structure, test its logic and set
measurable objectives, determine means and cost.
5. Activity planning:
plan sequence of activities, time, main stages in the
process, responsibility.
6. Resources planning:
from the activities, develop inputs and budget.
Logical Framework Approach
 The output is a planning matrix,
the logical project framework,
which:
summarizes and structures the main
elements of a project,
and:
highlights logical linkages between
intended inputs, planned activities and
expected results. (GTZ)
Pre-project planning

 In-house exercise by agency


 Participatory Action Research
 Situation Analysis
o Stakeholder Analysis
o Problem Identification: Problem Tree
o Objectives Analysis
o Alternatives Analysis
Problem Tree
Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholders Key Importance to Influence on Participation
Interests Project project

Primary

Secondary
Project Planning Matrix (PPM)

 Logframe, Logical Framework (Analysis),


LFA
 Table 4 rows and 4 columns: “4x4 matrix”
o Ensures clear statement of objectives
(distinction between purpose and objectives)
o Introduces indicators of progress
o Focuses attention on the assumptions and
risks involved
Activity-Oriented
Logical Framework
Goal Indicators MOVs Assumptions
Objectively Verifiable
Indicators (OVIs)
Means of
Verification
Risks

Purpose Indicators MOVs

Outputs Indicators MOVs

Activities Indicators MOVs


(Inputs) “Milestones”
What makes the Logical Framework “logical”
and how does this help plan a project?
Assumptions

 Something we take to be true.


 We expect it will happen
o e.g. we expect the sun to rise each morning
o assumption: the sun will be in the sky every
day
o This is a safe assumption

 Assumption: “we can buy from Thailand


supplies like pickups”
o Is this safe?
‘Logic Model’

 The core of the Logical Framework is the "logic model".


 This takes the form of a series of statements:
o If these Activities are done, and these Assumptions
are true, then these Outputs will be delivered
o If these Outputs are delivered, and these
Assumptions are true, then this Purpose will be
achieved.
o If this Purpose is achieved, and these Assumptions
are true, then this Goal will be achieved.
Logic of the Framework
We must make some assumptions
“IF …. THEN ….”
GOAL

ASSUMPTION
Purpose leads to Goal IF…
PURPOSE
Outputs lead to Purpose IF…

S
OUTPUTS
Activities lead to outputs IF…
ACTIVITIES

INPUTS
Logic of the Framework

Overall
objective

Project + Assumptions
Purpose

+
Results Assumptions

+
Activities Assumptions

Conditions
Take a break
Writing a Log Frame
Exercise

 Choose a project

 Volunteer(s) to write on flip chart

 We will write a Logframe as we go


o Just one sample point in each box
o Write when you see
Step One

 Top Down

 Write the
o Goal
o Purpose
o Outputs
o Activities
o Inputs
Logframe Step One

 Goal
o also Development Objective, Development
Purpose or effective objective
o A high ideal, resulting from development vision
o Fits the wider context of the programme structure
o Beyond control of project but project contributes
directly to it
Logframe Step One

 Purpose (Objective)
o Statement of specific achievement for the project
o Within project scope
o Should be realistic given available resources
o Should be measurable: who will be reached, what
will change, when and where it will occur
o Verbs: decrease, increase, improve, enhance,
strengthen…
Adjectives for measurable change: more, longer,
greater…
Logframe Step One

 Outputs – specific project outputs

 Activities – the project strategy

 Inputs – what is needed (include a


summary of the budget)
Step Two

 Work Across

 Measurable Indicators

 Means of Verification
Indicators and Verification Step Two

 Measurable Indicators
o QQT: Quality, Quantity and Timing
o what, how much, when
o Don’t confuse indicators with outputs
• Output –TBAs trained in new method
• Indicator - number of TBAs correctly using new method

 Means of Verification
o How will you measure the indicator
Step Three

 Work Up

 Assumptions and Risks


o All the external factors out of your control
Assumptions and Risks Step Three

 Assumption: “we can get permission to visit


villages 6 times”
o Is this a safe assumption?
o If not, it becomes a Risk.

 A Risk requires analysis:


o Is it likely?
o How much will it impact our project?
 Contingency Plan
Logical Framework
Basic Principles
 It should be concise. Normally not more than two
sides of paper.
 It should be a free-standing document - clear when
you read it for the first time. Avoid acronyms,
jargon &c.
 If beneficiaries are included in the project, they
should also help design the Logical Framework.
 It is a basis for monitoring and evaluation later. So
it must be kept under regular review and amended
whenever the project changes course.
CATWOE Test

 Customer for the project (Who pays?)


 Agents for the project (who does what?)
 Transformation the project intends to achieve
 Worldview or major assumption of the change
(development hypothesis)
 Owner of the project (who are the beneficiaries)
 Environmental Constraints (natural, social, political,
economic) facing the project
A New Method you may see

 Results-Oriented Logical Framework

 Results-Based Management (RBM)


 modify the logical framework to be more
"results-oriented" and less input-oriented.
o Change some columns
Results-Oriented
Logical Framework
Narrative Expected Performance Assumptions/ Risk
Summary Results Measurement

Goal Impact Indicators

Purpose Outcome

Resources Outputs More detail on a


PMF (next slide)
Performance Monitoring
Framework
Outcome Output Performance Method of
Indicator Verification
Discussion

 Questions and follow ups

 Feedback
Thank you

GrKuN
Produced by Tony Hobbs
Health Unlimited,
Ratanakiri, Cambodia
www.healthunlimited.org

With the support of


Australian Volunteers International
www.australianvolunteers.com

© 2009 HU. Use with Acknowledgement

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