Basic Tag Building
version 1.0
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
Copyrights - Trademark statement
PI is a registered trademark of OSIsoft, Inc.
Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Windows for Workgroups, and
Microsoft NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation.
Solaris is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems.
HP‑UX is a registered trademark of Hewlett Packard Corp.
IBM AIX RS/6000 is a registered trademark of the IBM
Corporation.
DUX, DEC VAX and DEC Alpha are registered trademarks of
the Digital Equipment Corporation.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation.
1997-2006 OSIsoft, Inc. All rights reserved
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
2
Introductions
Instructor
Students
“Describe your PI System”
“What is your role with PI?”
“What skills do you need to learn?”
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
3
Conventions
The following conventions are used throughout the
presentation:
Bulleted lists: represent different ideas on a topic
1. Numbered lists: represent a list of steps, with a specific order
a) Lettered lists: represent different options to obtain similar results
This icon represents an exercise:
a courier font is used for computer input or
output
Italic is used for filename, directory names, product names and
menu titles (ex. in the File menu, select Save)
utilities and program are shown in lower case with bolding
Underlined text and different colors are simply used to highlight
part of the text. They do not mean anything specific.
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4
Course Overview
Chapter and page references are to PI Server
Documents:
Reference Guide
System Management Guide
Server Applications User Guide
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Course Overview
Length: 2 days
Interactive course:
Part lecture
Part exercises and examples
You are Encouraged to Ask Questions
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Objectives
Discuss the various tag types and their
functions
Describe the different tag attributes
Build tags using the common System Manager
Tools
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What is the Value?
Tags are the life blood of the PI Server
You must understand how to build and
maintain your tags to keep data current
Calculation tags can add value to your system
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Pre-requisites
Logging into a computer system like Unix or
Windows NT.
Basic directory navigation:
creating files
finding files using the Windows explorer
using the DOS commands.
Be familiar with real time data sources such as
control systems.
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Course Content (Day 1)
Introduction to the PI System
PI Data Flow
Time and PI
Common Dialog Windows
Tag Attributes
PI System Management Tools
Building Tags and Digital Sets
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Course Content (Day 2)
PI Tag Security
PI Backup
Calculation Tags
Performance Equations
Totalizers
ACE tags
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1.0 Introduction to PI
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
OSIsoft is a Trusted Partner
11,000+ Customers,
110+ countries
Knowledgeable Recognized Global Leader
Dominant market position across industries
11,000+ Customer Installations
More than 1/3 Fortune 500
Experienced Manufacturing Customers
25+ Year History
Founded 1980, over 450 professionals
Strategic Partnerships
Recognized Microsoft, SAP, Cisco, Intel
> $125M Revenues
Over 20% reinvested in R&D
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OSIsoft Offices and Training Centers
Calgary, Alberta
Altenstadt, Germany
OSIsoft, GmbH Seoul, Korea Tokyo, Japan
Issaquah, WA (AID) (OSIsoft)
Montréal, Québec
San Leandro, CA
Yardley, PA Tokyo, Japan
Phoenix, AZ Beijing, China
Cleveland, OH (NetInfo) (Yokogawa)
Houston, TX
Johnson City, TN
Manama, Bahrain Shanghai, China
Savannah, GA (MECA / EMI)
Mexico City, México
Singapore
São Paulo,
Brazil
Durban,
South Africa
Perth, Australia
OSIsoft Offices
Office with Training
Centers
Auckland, New Zealand
www.OSIsoft.com Training.OSIsoft.com 14
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
The PI System
The Server The Analytics The Visuals
PI Archive Advanced Computing
Smart Clients
Engine (ACE)
Analysis Framework ProcessBook
Module Database PI Analytics
DataLink
Real-Time Interfaces RtReports ActiveView
BatchView
RLINK RtAlerts
Client: Windows XP / Vista
Microsoft Office 2003 /2007
Data Access Sigmafine
Thin Clients
Windows Server 2003
RtWebParts
MCN HealthMonitor Visual Studio.NET
Windows Server 2003 RtPortal iViews
SQL Server 2005
RtReports Clients
Server: Windows Server 2003
Windows SharePoint Services – or –
SAP Enterprise Portal 6
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The The The
Analytics Visuals
Server
Data Access
RtBaseline Services OLEDB ODBC OPC / HDA
Failover / Management Services
PI Archive MCN HealthMonitor
PI AF 2.0
Asset Connectors Smart Connectors Business Gateways
Real-Time Interfaces
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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The The The
Server Visuals
Analytics
Windows Server 2003 Visual Studio.NET
Advanced Computing Engine
(ACE)
PI Notifications Scheduler
RtReports
Compliance & Standard
Enterprise Services Sigmafine
Facility Monitor
PI Analytics
(new PE, Alarm, and RTSQC engine)
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The The The
Server Analytics Visuals
Smart Clients Thin Clients
RtActiveView RtTreeView
BatchView RtGauge RtTrend
SQC Client ProcessBook RtWebParts RtGraphic RtTable
RtMessenger RtXYPlot
AlarmView RtTimeRange
Analysis Framework Modeler Add-in
RtActiveView RtTimeRange
BatchView Excel Add-in RtGauge RtTreeView
Analysis Framework Excel Add-in DataLink iViews RtGraphic RtTrend
RtTable RtKPI
RtTagSearch RLINK iViews
ActiveView DataLink Server *
ProfileView Additional Clients Other Thin Clients RtReports Editor
RtReports Generator
Microsoft Office SharePoint Portal Server 2003
Microsoft Windows XP or Windows Vista * Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007
Microsoft SQL Server
Performance Operational Knowledge Product Lean Asset Situational
Improvement Visibility Management Quality Manufacturing Management Awareness
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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The The The
Server Analytics Visuals
Smart Clients Thin Clients
Visualization
Root Cause Structured Portal
Analysis Environment Allows
Planning Users to Build Displays
Content Without IT Training
Authoring
Seamless
Interaction
Between
Smart Clients &
Portal
Environment
Performance Operational Knowledge Product Lean Asset Situational
Improvement Visibility Management Quality Manufacturing Management Awareness
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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PI System – Basic Architecture
Smart Clients Thin Clients
- PI ProcessBook - RtWeb Parts
- PI DataLink - RtReports
` `
PI Server
Analytical Tools
- AF Other Systems
- ACE - ERP
- Sigmafine - Maintenance
- LIMS
Interface Interface
Node Node
Data Source Data Source
(DCS, PLC, etc) (DCS, PLC, etc)
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PI System – Platforms
Windows, OpenVMS, Compaq Unix, HP UX, IBM AIX, Sun Solaris
Interface
VMS (Alpha or VAX Processor)
Windows/UNIX
PI Server
` Windows
Client Tools
1985 1995 2005
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For more Information…
On the purpose and scope of the PI system:
www.OSIsoft.com
On PI architectures:
PI Reference Guide (Chapter 1)*
* To download this and other documentation, go to
http://techsupport.osisoft.com and choose
Download Center>> User Manuals. You will have to register.
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2.0 Data Flow
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2.1 Exception Filtering
and Interfaces
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Data Interface
The data interface is a program which gathers
data from a source like a Distributed Control
System (DCS) or another data source, such
as a PLC or lab system.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
Data Flow
New value
PI PI
(scan or Exception Snapshot compression
Report Archives
exception algorithm
based)
Exception Compression
Interface (on Data PI Server
Collection Node)
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Raw Data - Example
Raw values scanned on the data source.
Without Exception and Compression tests, these
Temperature
would all be archived
Time
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Exception Filtering
PI exception reporting is used to tune data rates to the hardware
and data communications.
“Deadband” style filter with time parameters
Takes place in the interface program, not in PI
Exception filtering is used to:
eliminate duplicate data values
eliminate instrument noise
Note that some data sources send PI data which is
already exception-based. For these data sources, the PI
interface will probably not employ exception filtering to the
data again and exception parameters will be ignored.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
Exception Test (Interface Level)
Exception Test:
ExcMax (time)
+ ExcDev
Current Snapshot
- ExcDev
• New values outside the box violate the Exception test.
• The Exception Test is performed by the interface
• When a value violates the Exception test, this value
and the previous one are sent to the PI Server.
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PI Exception Test - Example
Scan = 1m … ExcDev = 1 … ExcMax = 10m
DCS Value Exception Current Snapshot
12:00 50.0 Yes 12:00 50.0
12:01 50.3 No 12:00 50.0
12:02 51.1 Yes 12:02 51.1
… … No 12:02 51.1
12:12 51.4 Yes 12:12 51.4
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Exception Test
When a value passes this test, that value and the
previous value are reported.
Why? To have a better representation of the actual tag behavior
Temperature
passes the exception
test
Trend if previous
value is not sent
Trend if previous
value is sent
+/- Excdev
Previous value
Snapshot value
Time
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Exception Test - Example
Temperature
E E P
E
E
E
E P E P E E P E
Time
E: Exception P: Previous
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Exception Test - Results
Successive values sent to the PI Server.
When a value is sent, it becomes the new
snapshot.
Temperature
Time
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Turning Off Exception?
Behavior of ExcDev=0, ExcMax= 0 (Exception turned off)
All values are sent to PI.
This will increase the traffic between the data collection node and
the server
Turning off Exception Filtering may be appropriate for
many tags and even many entire PI systems,
especially if you have:
- a smaller total tag count
- an efficient and reliable network
- a well-tuned data source / industrial control system
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2.2 PI Server Snapshot and
Data Compression
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Snapshot
A ready reference for current values in ProcessBook,
DataLink/Excel and PI Server Applications. The
“snapshot” contains the most recent value, status, and
timestamp for each tag in the PI System
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Compression Test (PI Server)
Current
Compression Test: snapshot
ev
+ Compd
Last archived ev
value - Compd
< Compmax (s)
• If a value between the last archive event and the current
snapshot is outside the box, the current snapshot violates the
compression test. In this case, the value previous to the
current snapshot will be archived.
• The Compression Test is done by the PI Server
• Compression can be turned off with the Compressing attribute
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Compression Test – Example
The compression algorithm is performed
on new snapshots to determine which
data is kept in the PI archives
Temperature
A A
A A A A A
Time
A: Archived Value
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Compression Results
Values kept in the PI archives
Temperature
When the user requests a tag-time for
which the value is interpolated, the
difference can be no greater than
±compdev
Time
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Compression Results
Raw
Aftervalues
After scanned
Exception
Compression
Temperature
Time
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Turning Off Compression?
Behavior of Compression
Compressing set to Off: all exceptions are archived
(no compression)
*Better* Compressing set to ON, compdev set to 0:
successive identical values (or values aligning
perfectly) are not archived. This is much more
efficient
It is appropriate to turn off data compression for
laboratory, manually entered, totalized, and other
tags where each event is significant in itself and
not merely representative of an underlying flow.
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Data Compression – How Much Data?
This highly variable data can This data appears highly
not be compressed by PI. Every compressible. Probably only
value is a pivot point for the three or four of these values
“Swinging Door” algorithm. All would be stored in the
values are archived archive.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
Exception and Compression Attributes
Each PI Tag can be individually configured for its exception
reporting and compression
Exception Reporting Compression
Attributes Attributes
excdev or compdev or
excdevpercent compdevpercent
excmax compmax
excmin compmin
compressing
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Set Appropriate Zero & Span
Be careful when defining Zero and Span
because:
Excdevpercent and compdevpercent attributes are
automatically adjusted according to span
The accuracy and range of Float16 values are set by
the Zero and Span
Zero and Span are used by many functions in PI
ProcessBook
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Step Attribute
The step attribute affects both display and
compression:
Instead of using the usual compression algorithm, a
second exception test is applied using the
CompDev value
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Exception and Compression Defaults
Excdevpercent = 1 (% of span)
Excmax = 600 (10 minutes)
Compdevpercent = 2 (% of span)
Compmax = 28800 (8 hours)
Zero = 0
Span = 100
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Recommendations
Set the Compression Deviation to the minimum change
that is measurable by the instrument.
Set the Exception Deviation to ½ of the compression
deviation
Note: these are starting point recommendations.
Note: ExcMin, ExcMax, CompMin and CompMax are in
SECONDS
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Group Recap Question
Question: Can you name the two processes that
the PI System uses in data collection to filter
out insignificant data before storage?
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Group Recap Question
Question: In what situation(s) can you think of
where you would always want to keep
everything collected?
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For more Information…
On PI Exception Filtering & Data Compression:
PI Server Reference Guide (Chapt. 2)
On PI Server Data Flow (Queues & Cache):
PI Server Reference Guide (Chapt. 2)
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3.0 Time and PI
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3.1 How PI Timestamps Data
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Time and PI
The PI Data archive stores all data
sequenced in Coordinated Universal Time
(UTC) time stamps.
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Daylight Saving Time and PI
Your client, server, and interface machines
should observe the same Daylight Saving time
rules. (see note below)
The PI client tools will display 23 and 25 hours
days once a year (daylight saving), The data
will be sequenced correctly. And the data will
be labeled correctly (with a repeated 2am
hour).
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Sub-second timestamps
Archive timestamps are in increments of 15.26 µs
Up to 1 value per 1/65535 second
An accuracy of 15.26 µs means:
Using 4 decimal digits is accurate
Ex: 14-oct-03 15:31:31.1234
remains 14-oct-03 15:31:31.1234
Using 5 or more decimal digits introduces rounding
errors
Ex: 14-oct-03 15:31:00025
becomes 14-oct-03 15:31:00030
Note: Only a few interfaces (including OPC) do support
sub-second timestamps.
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3.2 Specifying Times in PI
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PI Time Format
Absolute (a specific point in time)
* : (NOW)
t : 00:00:00 on the current day (TODAY)
18-feb-05 16:00:00
Relative (time is offset from another time)
+8h : + 8 hours
Combined
t+8h : today + 8 hours
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Absolute Time
dd-mmm-yy HH:mm:ss
dd Day
mmm Month (Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, …)
yy Year
HH Hours in 24 hour format
mm Minutes
ss Seconds
Example:
18-feb-05 10:43:29
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Absolute Time
dd-mmm-yy HH:mm:ss
"Date" fields default to the current date
"Time" fields default to 00.
Expression Meaning
25 00:00:00 on the 25th of the current month
25-Aug-03 00:00:00 on that date
8: 08:00:00 on the current date
25 8 08:00:00 on the 25th of the current month
21:30:01.02 9:30:01.0200 PM on the current date
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Absolute Time – Other Formats
Absolute time formats
Symbol Meaning
* Current time
t 00:00:00 on the current day (TODAY)
y 00:00:00 on the previous day
(YESTERDAY)
Monday, Tuesday, 00:00:00 on the most recent of that
Wednesday, Thursday, day of the week
Friday, Saturday.
Sunday
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Relative Time
Number of:
Hours (h) Weeks (w) Years (y)
Minutes (m) Days (d) Months (mo)
Seconds (s)
Leading sign (+ or -) is required.
No default time unit: must specify d, h, m, s, w, mo, or y
Can use fractions only for Hours, Minutes and Seconds
+2.5h, -0.5m
Relative time is most often part of a Combined time
Syntax Meaning
+2d + two days
-1.5h - One hour and a half
+32m + 32 minutes
-15 s - 15 seconds
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Combined Formats
Uses both an absolute and a relative time
The absolute part of the time can be *, T, Y, or a day of
the week
Syntax Meaning
*-8h 8 hours ago
T-7d 00:00:00, 7 days ago
Y+11h Yesterday at 11:00:00 AM
Monday + 14.5h 02:30:00 PM on the most recent Monday
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Directed Exercise
PI Time
Express the following timestamps using a specific
day and date:
Tuesday-2d
1 6:
y+8h
*-30m
Express the following times in valid PI timestamps:
Today at 6:00 AM
The 4th of the current month at 16:00
12 hours ago
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For more Information…
On Time and PI:
PI Server Reference Guide Appendix C
How to Handle Daylight Saving Time
from: techsupport.osisoft.com/resources
On Specifying Time in PI:
PI Server Reference Guide Appendix B
See “Time Concepts” in
\program files\pipc\help\procbook.chm
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4.0 Common Dialog Windows
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PI Connection Manager
Viewing Connection Information
Use the check
boxes to connect /
disconnect from the
available PI servers
Connection settings
Connection information
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PI Connection Manager
Editing Connection Settings
The connection settings To change the default PI
can de edited server, select Tools
Click the Save button to Options
apply the changes
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PI Connection Manager
Adding a New Connection
To add a new PI server connection, select Server Add
Server
Network Path: either PI Server IP address or Hostname
Default User Name: PI user used to connect
Password: password if PI user is password protected
Confirm: validates the connection at creation time
Connection Type: PI 3 or PI 2 server
Port Number: 5450 for a PI 3 Server or 545 for a PI 2 Server
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Directed Exercise
Connecting to PI:
• Learn about connecting to PI with the PI SDK
• Discover the IP address and computer name of
your PI Server
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Tag Search Window – Basic Search
Select PI Server(s)
to search through
Tag name mask
Look for a specific
point
type/class/source
Look for a specific
value/status/attribute
Tag search results
Start searching according Display the Validate
to the criteria attributes/values selection
for selected tags
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Tag Search Strategies
Tag Search using wildcards:
Use * to replace any number of characters
Example: flow* = flow_meter1, flow_meter2, flow_meter3
Use ? to replace one character
Example: tank?_level = tankA_level, tankB_level
Note 1: Search criteria are not case sensitive
Note 2: Search criteria can be combined
Example: Look for Tag Mask = flow* and Point Source = o
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Tag Search Window – Advanced Search
SQL-like query
based on user-
defined conditions
1- Define condition
2- Click 'Add'
…
3- Click 'Search
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Tag Search Window – Alias Search
Search through
aliases in the PI
ModuleDB
(described later)
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Tag Information Windows
Pt. Attr... Pt. Values...
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Directed Exercise – Searching for tags
Tag Mask: BA*
Tag Mask: *158*
Descriptor: *end*
Advanced Search:
PIpoint.Span > 100 AND
PIpoint.CompDevPercent > 1
Save this search as a favorite.
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5.0 Tag Attributes
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
What is a Tag?
A tag is a unique storage place in the PI System for
a specific stream of data
Examples
A flow rate from a flowmeter
A controller’s mode of operation
The batch number of a product
Text comments from an operator
The results of a totalizer or calculation
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Default Tags
If you selected “Install default tags” during the
installation you will create 10 tags that are
considered “test tags”
You can use these to test PI and not affect your
real data
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PI Tag Attributes - Point Class
PtClassName: template describing the available
attributes for the tag
The attributes hold the configuration information for the tag
BASE
Included in all point
types
Totalizer SQC_Alarm Classic (default) Alarm
Adds the point attributes Adds the point attributes Adds the point attributes Adds the point attributes
for totalizer tags for SQC Alarm tags for interface tags for alarm tags
Base + 18 Base + 26 Base + 15 Base + 22
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5.1 Base Attributes
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PI Tag Attributes - Base Attributes
Tag: unique name for a PI tag
Subject to the following constraints:
The first character must be a letter or a number
Tagnames must be unique on the server
No control characters are allowed (such as linefeeds or
tabs)
The following characters are not allowed:
* ’ ? ; { } [ ] \ ` ‘ “
Also, avoid “_” because it is used in SQL queries as the
wildcard character
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Tag Names
Tag Names should mean something to users
so they can find data
Use a Naming Convention that is recognized
as a standard for your organization
Descriptor can help
Aliasing in the MDB or AF will help organize
tags
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Group Recap Question
Question: What are some of the naming
conventions you might apply? What are some
that you know of?
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PI Tag Attributes - Base Attributes
Descriptor: PI tag description
EngUnits: Engineering units
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PI Tag Attributes - Base Attributes
PointType: Type of variable to store
Zero, Span and TypicalValue: minimum, range and
typical value
Step: (On/Off) Displays information in a staircase
manner
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Zero and Span
150
100
50
0 Zero = 50
-50 Span = 100
-100
150
100
50
0 Zero = 0
-50 Span = 100
-100
150
100
50
0 Zero = -50
-50 Span = 100
-100
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Step
Step=0
Step=1
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Point Types
Int16: Integer value, 16 bits (0 to 32767)
Int32: Integer value, 32 bits (-2147450880 to 2147483647)
Float16: Scaled Floating Point number, 16 bits
(acc: 1/32767)
Float32: Floating Point number, 32 bits (single precision)
(default)
Float64: Floating Point number, 64 bits (double precision)
Digital:Discrete value (On/Off)
String: Text value up to 976 characters
Blob: Binary large object up to 976 bytes
Timestamp: Time/Date between 1-jan-1970 to 1-Jan-2038
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Point Type - Float16
PI can store a floating point value in a 16 bits integer
by scaling it. The scaling always brings a
rounding error.
Why use it ? Why not use it?
No need to build a PE tag to Values outside the span can’t be
filter values outside the span archived
Reduces the disk space Brings a rounding error of
required to store the same value 1/32767*span (0.00003*span)
by up to 40%
Recommendation: do not use a Float16 tag unless you have a
specific need for it and are ready to accept the rounding
error
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Point Type - String and Blob
Both are limited to 976 bytes per event
String tags
All strings are timestamped and indexed like other
PI data
Useful for capturing lab results or other manual
entries or messages sent by other applications (e.g.,
alarm systems on the control system)
Not all interfaces support strings
Blobs tags
• Require custom programs to read and write as PI
does not know how to interpret the data in the tag
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PI Tag Attributes - Base Attributes
DisplayDigits: Controls the format of numeric values on-
screen and in reports
Ranges from –10 to 5 (default is -5)
Positive numbers indicate number of decimal places, negative
numbers indicate number of significant digits.
Display Digits Value of 12.345 Value of 123045.6
3 12.345 123045.600
1 12.3 123045.6
0 12. 123045.
-3 12.3 123000.
-5 12.345 123040.
-7 12.34500 123045.6
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PI Tag Attributes - Base Attributes
Scan: (On/Off) Includes the PI tag in the list of
tags to be collected by an interface
Archiving: (On/Off) If set to 0 (Off), PI will
collect data but will not archive it
Shutdown: (On/Off) When the PI server is
shutdown, a shutdown event is written to all
tags that have the shutdown flag set to 1 (On)
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For more Information…
On PI Tag attributes:
Introduction to PI System Management, Chapt. 5
PI Server Reference Guide Chapt. 3
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Group Recap Question
Question: What Point Type should you
generally avoid using?
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5.2 Classic Attributes
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Classic Attributes
Classic attributes are attributes that extend the
tag definition to allow it to be mapped to a data
source.
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Classic PI Tag Attributes
Instrument Tag: name of the tag/location in the source
system.
Extended Descriptor: place for detailed query instructions
Exception Specifications: defines what is a significant
change in value.
Point Source: allows grouping of PI tags by data interface
(DCS,PLC, or other sources)
Location Codes: define how to locate the data in the
source system.
Scan: includes the PI tag in the list of tags to scan
(On/Off)
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Interface Configuration
Configuration Methods::
• Using a Text Editor to modify the parameters
in the .bat file (if .bat.new, rename it to .bat)
• With PI Interface Configuration Utility (PI ICU)
– available on Windows only
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Creating the Windows Service without ICU
Installing the interface as a service:
<name>.exe –install
Options are:
–Auto
–Display "Name”
–Depend "ProcessName"
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Generic Interface Parameters
/host = PI Server hostname or IP address
/ps = Point Source
/id = Interface Identifier
/f = scan frequencies
/stopstat = system digital state to indicate
interface stopped
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Scan Classes
PI Interfaces can scan tags at different time intervals
A scan class is defined by an interval and an offset
There are 4 ways to define a scan class:
/f=SS
/f=SS,SS
/f=HH:MM:SS
/f=HH:MM:SS,hh:mm:ss
One could use offsets to avoid having 2 scan
classes with the same frequency scanning at the
same time:
/f=00:01:00,00:00:15 /f=00:01:00,00:00:45
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Multiple Instances of PI Interfaces
One could want to run multiple instances of the same interface
Better organization of PI Points
Multiple data sources
Load balancing
Example: on a large network with a very high number of
devices to monitor run 5 instances of the PI SNMP
interface to monitor different parts of a network
A single .exe file, launched by multiple Windows services
Services have different ServiceIDs: directed to different .bat
files
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Interface Recommendations
Interfaces should be installed as automatic
services
The clock on the data acquisition nodes should
be synchronized with the clock on the PI
server – data more than 10 minutes into the
future is rejected
Buffering should be enabled
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Typical Attribute Mapping
PointSource = /PS
Location1 = /ID
Location4 = /F (scan class, numbered in order of
appearance)
Location2,3,5 = refer to interface manual
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Tag Modifications – Real Time
Tags are modified, created, deleted with a PI System
Manager Tool (piconfig, PI Tag Configurator, Point
Builder plug-in)
Changes are stored on the PI server point database
The PI Update Manager subsystem then queues the
created, modified or deleted tags for the interface.
Every 2 minutes, interfaces check for point updates.
If tags where added, modified or deleted, the interface
will reload the tag. The interfaces will reload tags at a
rate of 25 per 30 second
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Group Recap Question
Question: How is pointsource used? Can two
entities use the same pointsource?
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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6.0 PI System Management Tools
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
PI System Management Tools
The PI System Management Tools (PI SMT) are a
set of Microsoft Windows-based graphical
applications that are used to manage the PI
System from client PCs.
The PI System Management Tools are included
with every PI System server on OpenVMS, NT
and UNIX.
Download the current version of the tools – they are
changing regularly and they are included with
your OSIsoft Software Reliability Program
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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PI System Management Tools – The Console
Alarms:
Analysis Framework:
Batch:
One management tool
Data: (with plug-ins) that
Interfaces:
runs from your
desktop.
IT Points:
Operation:
Points:
Security:
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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PI Tag Configurator
Part of SMT, and add-in to Excel that allows bulk
creation, modification, and deletion of PI tags.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
110
PI Interface Configuration Utility (PI ICU)
GUI for interface management including:
Installing services Configuring buffering
Managing the .bat file Creating interface
Viewing log files monitoring tags
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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5.1 PI SMT Plug-Ins
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
PI SMT Plug-Ins – Message Logs
Use the Message Logs plug-In in PI SMT to access the PI server
messages and local pipc.log messages
Search for messages
Set the time range
Set the filters
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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PI SMT Plug-Ins – Message Logs
Use the right click menu to export and save the messages
in a files (.txt or .csv)
Useful to send messages to OSIsoft technical support staff
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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PI SMT Plug-Ins – Data Section
The Data section in the PI SMT console contains
3 plug-ins to view the data of your PI tags
Current Values: displays the snapshot value of
multiple tags in a real time screen
Recorded Values: displays the archived data for a
PI tag
Archive Editor: same as the Recorded Values
plug-in with more functionalities
Values can be deleted
Annotations can be written and read
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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PI SMT Plug-Ins – Current Values
Select the tags (tag search)
Start / stop updating values
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
116
PI SMT Plug-Ins – Recorded Values
Select a tag
Select the retrieval
options
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Archived Values – Quality Flags
The following data attributes are available to
retrieve along with the value and timestamp for
each event
Annotated: indicates that additional information is
available about the value (set by the PI server when
an annotation is added by a PI user)
Substituted: indicates that the value has been
changed from its original storage value (set by the
PI server)
Questionable: indicates that there is some reason
to doubt the accuracy of the value (set by a PI user)
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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PI SMT Plug-Ins – Recorded Values
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
119
Exercise 1
The PI System Management Tools
Objectives:
Display the current value for the tag
CDT158, and the values over the last 3
hours.
Write in a value of 15.5 into CDT158 for
the current time.
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For more Information…
On the PI SMT3 System Mgt Tool:
Introduction to PI System Management (Chapt. 3)
On PIConfig and the PI System Management Tools:
PI Server System Management Guide (Chapt.2)
PI System Manager II Training Materials from
http://training.osisoft.com
On other PI System Management Tools:
PI Server System Management Guide (Chapt.1)
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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7.0 Building PI Tags
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
7.1 Creating and Managing Tags
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
Tag Creation
All PI Tags can be created with any of these tools:
PI Tag Configurator for Excel
Point Builder plug-in in the PI SMT Console
piconfig
Other tools can also create specific tags:
PI Auto Point Sync (APS), Interface Configuration
Utility (ICU), PI Batch Generator Configurator, PI
Alarm Group Creator, PI Totalizer Editor, PI ACE, PI
PerfCreator, PI SNMPUtil
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Editing & Renaming Tags
Attributes that cannot be changed
system assigned attributes: Creator, CreationDate, Changer,
ChangeDate, PointID, RecNo
Renaming a tag
A tag can be renamed while preserving history
No effect on ProcessBook, but impact on DataLink
Any performance equation expressions used in other PI tags (e.g.
filter expressions) must be edited
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Deleting Tags
Deleting a tag
Archived data are lost
There is no quick undelete
Before you delete a tag, you should wait some time with
scan off. Further, you should keep a copy of the tag
configurations for all totalizers, performance equations,
alarm and batch configurations to assure that the tag is not
being used in one or more of these systems.
Some sites collect tags for deletion and only delete them
once per quarter or so.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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PI SMT Plug-In – Point Builder
Graphical tool
allowing the user
to create and
configure PI tags
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
127
Exercise 2
Building PI Points
Objective:
Learn how to create a tag with the PI SMT
Point Builder plug-in
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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7.2 Digital State Sets
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
Digital Tags
Digital tags store values as integer, but display
them as text
Point Type attribute = digital
Digital tags have an associated Digital Set
Use the DigitalSet attribute to store the
associated digital set name
The Digital set must exist prior to the creation of
the digital tag
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Digital Sets
Digital sets are groups of
Set Name Number of States
states. States
MySet 5 Manual
Digital sets are kept in a Auto
common table for Cascade
multiple tags to access. Bypass
Failed
MySet2 2 ON
OFF
MySet3 3 Crude
Richmond
Rework
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Exercise 3
Add a New Digital State Set
Objective:
Create a new digital state set
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Exercise 4
Add a Digital Tag
Objective:
Create a digital tag that will use the digital
state set created in the last exercise
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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For more Information…
On Searching for Tags:
\program files\pipc\help\procbook.chm
see “Tag Search”
On Building and Managing Tags:
Introduction to PI System Management Chapt.5
\program files\pipc\help\PI Tag Cnf.chm
\program files\pipc\help\PI Point Builder.chm
On Digital Sets:
PI Server Reference Guide Chapt. 3
\program files\pipc\help\PI Digital State Editor.chm
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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7.3 PI Tag Configurator
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
PI Tag Configurator
Part of PI SMT, an Excel addin that allows bulk
manipulation of tags.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Tag Changes
Deleting a tag
Archived data will be lost!
There is no quick undelete
Renaming a tag
Done with the Newtag attribute
A tag can be renamed while preserving history
PI DataLink Reports have to be edited manually to use the
new names
Renaming has no effect on PI ProcessBook displays (PointID
is stored)
Any Performance Equation expressions used in other PI tags
(e.g. filter expressions) must be manually edited.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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PI Tag Configurator
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
138
Settings
Connect on startup
Allow tag deletion, creation
Use alternate delimiter (default is
|)
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Import Tags
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
140
Export Tags
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
141
Recommendations
Export only attributes that have been changed
Remove unchanged columns
Why?
All the attributes are exported, not only those that have
changed
ExcDevPercent (CompDevPercent) has precedence over
ExcDev (CompDev)
The user might not have the right to edit the Data Access
attributes
Use tag and newtag to rename tags:
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Exercise 5
PI Tag Configurator
Objective:
Learn how to create tags from a
spreadsheet with PI Tag Configurator
Learn how to modify tags in bulk using PI
Tag Configurator
Learn how to create tags in bulk using
the PI Tag Configurator
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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For more Information…
On the PI SMT Tag Configurator for Excel:
…\pipc\help\PITagCnf.chm
Getting the Most from the Excel Tag
Configurator” from http://osidn.osisoft.com
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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8.0 PI Tag Security
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
PI Users and Groups
On a default PI Server install
Two users are created:
PIAdmin (Power user)
PIDemo
Two groups are created:
PIAdmin (containing the PIAdmin user)
PIUser (containing the PIDemo user)
A user can be a member of many groups
Users and groups are created with the Users and
Groups plug-in in the PI SMT console
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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PI SMT plug-in - Users and Groups
Manage users,
groups and users’
membership
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
147
PI Tag Security Configuration
PI Tag security is assigned on 2 separate levels:
Tag configuration access:
Access is granted to Owner (PtOwner), Group (PtGroup) and
World, via the PtAccess attribute
Example: PtAccess = o:rw g:r w:r
Note: with point access, a user can edit all attributes
EXCEPT the data access attributes
Access to tag data:
Access is granted to Owner (DataOwner), Group (DataGroup)
and World, via the DataAccess attribute
Example: DataAccess = o:rw g:r w:r
Note: only the data owner (or piadmin) can modify the data
access attributes.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Import Windows Domain Users to PI
• Imports all or
selected Windows
domain users to
PI users table
• Allows you to set
the domain
username as the
initial password or
specify a single
password for all in
the import.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Tag Security
Set PI tag security parameters wherever you
build your tags – Point Builder plug-in, PI Tag
Configurator (Excel), etc.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Exercise 6
PI Users and Groups
Objectives:
Learn how to create groups containing
users.
Learn how to create users and assign
them to groups.
Learn how to define tags and data access.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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9.0 PI System Backup
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
PI System Daily Backup
Daily Backup: It is highly recommended to execute a
daily backup of your PI data and configuration
First step of the Emergency Recovery Plan
The backup should be moved to an external media
to provide protection against an hardware failure
such as a defective hard drive
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Online Backup
PI Backup Subsystem
Backs up the PI Server by specifying:
The number of archive files
A time period
Uses Microsoft Volume Shadow Services (VSS)
when available
Works with the following systems:
Windows VSS and Windows Non-VSS
Windows with a third-party backup application
Windows Cluster environment
Unix environment
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Microsoft VSS Overview
VSS Volume Shadow Copy Service
Requires Windows 2003 Server or greater
Freeze: Tells applications to put open files in consistent state and
stop writing
Thaw: Tells applications to resume writing data to files
Very little disruption of normal operations
Less than 1s from Freeze to Thaw
Shadow Copy then proceeds in parallel with normal operations
Supported by the PI Backup Subsystem and the most recent
version of widely used backup applications
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Online Backup: VSS Mode
Platforms:
Base
BaseSubsystem
Subsystem
- Windows 2003 Server VSS 1
Point DB
Point DB
VSSAPI
API Module DB
Module DB
(NTFS)
(NTFS) Security DBs
Security DBs
1
Snapshot Subsystem
Features: Snapshot Subsystem
Snapshot Table
Snapshot Table
-full read/write PI Server 1 Archive Subsystem
Archive Subsystem
VSS-aware backup client
VSS-aware backup client Archive Table
operation except for less Archive Table
Archive
PIPIBackup Archive00(primary)
(primary)
than 1 second BackupSubsystem
Subsystem ……
(pibackup.exe)
(pibackup.exe) 1 Archive
Archivenn
-Backup is driven by
Batch
BatchSubsystem
backup application 11
Subsystem
Batches/Batch
Batches/BatchUnits
Units
Backup scripts (simple wrappers)
Backup scripts (simple wrappers) Message
pibackup.bat, pibackuptask.bat
pibackup.bat, pibackuptask.bat MessageSubsystem
Subsystem
11 Message
MessageLog
LogFiles
Files
…
…
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Online Backup: Non-VSS Mode
Platforms:
- Windows 2000 Base Subsystem
Base Subsystem
PIPIBackup
Backup Point DB
1 Point DB
- Windows XP Subsystem
Subsystem Module DB
Module DB
Security DBs
Security DBs
(pibackup.exe)
- UNIX (pibackup.exe)
2
Snapshot Subsystem
Snapshot Subsystem
Snapshot Table
Snapshot Table
Features: Archive
ArchiveSubsystem
33
Subsystem
Archive
ArchiveTable
- no subsystems piartool -backup
piartool -backup Archive
Table
Archive00(primary)
(primary)
stopped 4
……
Archive n
Archive n
- no closed files
Batch Subsystem
5
Batch Subsystem
Batches/Batch Units
- read-only operation Batches/Batch Units
during each file copy Backup scripts (simple wrappers) Message Subsystem
Backup scripts (simple wrappers) Message Subsystem
pibackup.bat 6 Message Log Files
pibackup.bat Message Log Files
pibackuptask.bat
pibackuptask.bat
…
…
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Backup Directory Structure and Content
For a VSS or a non-VSS PI backup,
the backup directory structure and
content will be identical
adm: site specific files
pisrvsitestart.bat, pisrvsitestop.bat,
pisitestart.bat, pisitebackup.bat,
pintbackup.bat, pibackup_3.4.370.bat
arc: archive and annotation files
bin: pipeschd.bat
dat: files from \PI\dat except archive
and annotation files
log: files from \PI\log
PI backup log files
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Using Backup Tuning Parameters
Tuning parameters for the backup subsystem
Backup_NumArchive
Backup_ArchiveCutoffDate
Example – Using backup Tuning Parameters:
PIBackup.bat E:\PI\Backup
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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View and Edit a Scheduled Backup
Use the Scheduled Tasks control panel
Select the PI Server Backup entry
Using the right-click menu, choose Properties
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Full and Incremental Backups
By default, full backups will be performed on
Monday and incremental backups will be
performed on every other day
During an incremental backup, source files are not
copied if a file of the same name and same last
modified date exists in the backup directory
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Site Specific Backup – pisitebackup.bat
Running the PI daily backup is not sufficient. The PI
backup directory must be copied elsewhere using
a third party backup application or with the
pisitebackup.bat script file
The PI backup script calls the pisitebackup.bat
script immediately before exiting. Tasks can be
added to that script to be executed each day
after the PI Backup.
Can be used to move the PI backup directory to tape,
to a remote computer or other offline media for
safekeeping
See example with instructions
(pisitebackup.bat.example) in the \PI\adm folder
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Site Specific Backup – pisitebackup.bat
If there’s no pisitebackup.bat file present in the
\PI\adm folder, a warning message will be
logged in the PI backup log file
To get rid of the warning message, create an empty
pisitebackup.bat file
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
163
Exercise 7
PI Server Backup
Objective:
Learn how to use and configure the PI
Server daily backup
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
164
10.0 Calculation Tags
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
10.1 PI Performance Equations
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
PI Performance Equations Subsystem
Executes real time calculations (triggered by event
or scheduled based)
Can use many different tags in the equations
Uses a PI tag to store the results so that everyone
can access the same calculations
Contains a rich library of functions
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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Performance Equations Scheduler
Start-up file: \pi\bin\pipeschd.bat
/f : Scan Class Period and Phase. The period is
the amount of time between scans. The phase
is the time to start the first scan as an offset from
midnight.
Example: /f=08:00:00,07:00:00
This example will execute the calculation every 8 hours
starting at 07:00:00.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
168
PI PE Expression Syntax
Numbers
0, 0.125, 34.56
Tag names in single quotes
'sinusoid' , 'trc4226.pv'
Timestamps in single quotes
'*' , '14-dec-02', 't-8h'
Strings in double quotes
"This is a string"
A filter expression uses relational operators such as
“<” or “>=”
'trc4226.pv' > 50, 'li315.op' = “Down"
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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PI PE Expression Syntax
Logical and Mathematical Operators
Filters can use the following logical operators:
And, Or, Not
Filters can use the following mathematical
operators:
+, - , *, /, ^
Examples:
(‘trc221.pv’+’trc222.pv’) > 50 AND (‘lrc224.pv' > 90)
((‘li125.pv')/2 + (‘lrc542.pv'-100))
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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PI PE Expression Syntax
Mathematical Functions
Filters can use the following mathematical
functions:
abs() atn()
cos() exp()
int() log()
sin() sqr()
tan() sgn()
Examples:
abs('sinusoid')
(('prc624.pv')^2 + cos('prc441.pv'))
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
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PI PE Expression Syntax
If-Then-Else Operator
A filter expression can use the If-Then-Else operator
IF expr0 THEN expr1 ELSE expr2
Ex.: IF ‘Tag1’ < 50 THEN “under limit” ELSE “good”
You must include the 'if,' the 'then,' and the 'else'
Nested operations are supported
Possibility to use the NoOutput function, which does not
send anything to PI
Ex.: IF TagAvg(‘sinusoid’ ’*-1h ’, ’* ’) > 80
THEN “Alarm”
ELSE NoOutput()
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
172
Performance Equations Function Syntax
TimeEQ or TimeNE: Returns the number of secnds that a
tag was equal ot not equal to a specified value
TimeLT or TimeLE: Returns the number of seconds that
a tag was less than or equal to a specified value
TimeGT or TimeGE: Returns the number of seconds
that a tag was greater than or equal to a specified
value
Time??(tag, start time, end time, value)
ex: TimeGT(‘trc322.pv', 'y', 't',10)/86400
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
173
PI PE Syntax Example
Calculation Using a Scan Class
timegt(‘sinusoid’, ’*-8h’, ’*’,70)
Calculation Using an Event Trigger
event= sinusoid, tagavg(`sinusoid`, ’*-1h ’, ’* ’)
Use the pipetest utility (\pi\adm) or the Performance
Equations PI SMT plug-in to validate an equation’s
syntax before putting it online
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
174
PI SMT Plug-In - Performance Equations
Test your equation
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
175
What is a Conversion Factor?
A multiplier used to change a number from one
unit of measure to another
Ex: 1000 g/kg, 2.54 cm/inch, 24 hours/day, 1440
minutes/day
When using the tagtot function in PI, it is used to
correct PI’s assumption that the data is in units
per day
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
176
Conversion Factors
It is important to supply the correct conversion factor when
calculating TOTALS with PI because PI assumes the
engineering units of the rate tag is units per day.
Rate tag Assumption of Conversion
engineering units the PI Server Factor
Units/day Units/day 1
Units/hour Units/day 24
Units/minute Units/day 1440
Units/second Units/day 86400
Example: For a flow measured in m³/h, a conversion
factor of 24 must be supplied to convert between the
engineering units of the rate tag and the units/day
assumption of PI.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
177
Computing totals
Flow 7
(m3/h) PI considers this
5 flow to be m3/d
3
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Time (hours)
Normal total = 3m3/h x 3h + 5m3/h x 2h + 1m3/h x 3h = 22 m3
PI total = (3 m3/d x 3/24 d + 5 m3/d x 2/24 d + 1 m3/d x 3/24 d) * 24 h/d = 22m3
The total computed by PI must be multiplied by a factor of 24
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
178
PI Performance Equations
Tag Configuration
PointType : Digital, Float64, Float32, Int32, Int16,
String
PointSource : a single ASCII character (ex: ‘C’)
identifying the interface in the interface startup file
ExDesc : calculation expression
Location4 : scan class number (specified in the
interface startup file)
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
179
Exercise 8
PI Performance Equation
Objectives:
Learn how to manage the PI
Performance Equation Scheduler
Learn how to create PI Performance
Equation tags
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
180
10.2 Totalizer
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
PI Totalizer Subsystem
A powerful and flexible post-processor engine
that you can use to create totalizations and
other simple calculations.
Documented in the PI Server Applications User
Guide.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
182
Why Use a Totalizer Tag?
R e g io n s th a t a r e in c lu d e d
a n d e x c lu d e d f o r a tim e -
w e ig h t e d c a lc u la tio n u s in g
P I T o t a liz e r
R e g io n c o n s id e r e d in
T im e - W e ig h t e d c a lc u la t io n
u s in g C o m p r e s s e d V a lu e s
E v e n t s t h a t f a il c o m p r e s s io n t e s t
E v e n t s t h a t p a s s c o m p r e s s io n t e s t
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
183
Selecting the Correct Calculation
There are 5 ways to do a simple average:
1. Performance Equation tag.
2. Advanced Computing Engine (ACE) calculation.
3. Totalizer tag.
4. Archive Value or Sample Data Expression in Datalink.
5. PI Calculation Data Set in PI ProcessBook.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
184
Selecting the Correct Calculation
Use the decision tree described in the notes to
help decide where to do the calculation.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
185
10.2.1 Options Explained –
Common Options
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
186
• The following slides are the various options
explained. They will not be discussed in detail
in class. Most of the options described are
obscure features and not used by most
totalizers.
• The class will only discuss in detail the
common functions.
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
187
CalcMode Explained
Time Weighted
7:00 15:00
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
188
CalcMode Explained
Event Weighted
7:00 15:00
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
189
ReportMode Explained
Running
7:00 15:00
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
190
ReportMode Explained
Ramping
7:00 15:00
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
191
TotalCloseMode Explained
Clock (period =8h, offset 7h)
7:00 15:00 23:00 7:00
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
192
TotalCloseMode Explained
TimeMoving (period 20m)
7:00 7:30 8:00
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
193
10.2.2 Options Explained –
Uncommon Options
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
194
TotalCloseMode Explained
NSampleMoving (moving count =5)
7:00 15:00 23:00 7:00
Copyright © 2007 OSIsoft, Inc.
195
TotalCloseMode Explained
NSampleBlock (moving count =5)
7:00 15:00 23:00 7:00
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TotalCloseMode Explained
EventChange (eventexpr = BA:Active.1)
BA:ACTIVE.1
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TotalCloseMode Explained
EventTrue (eventexpr = MYPUMP.PV = ON)
MYPUMP.PV
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RateSampleMode Explained
source tag value
eventexpr value
Event interpolated value for accumulation
7:00 15:00 23:00 7:00
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Event Counting Options
Function = Events
CalcMode = AllEvents … results =6
CalcMode = ChangeEvents … results = 4
7:00 15:00
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Event Counting Options
Function = EventEQ, CompValue = Manual
CalcMode = ChangeEvents … results = 1
CalcMode = TimeTrue … results = 14400 seconds
Auto
Manual
OFF
7:00 15:00
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Event Counting Options
Function = EventGT, CalcMode = TimeTrue, CompValue = 70
result = 180 minutes
70
7:00 15:00
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Event Counting Options
Function = EventGT_LT, CalcMode = AllEvents, CompValue = 70
result = 2
70
7:00 15:00
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Percent Good
One hour of “no data”
Result will be either “Bad Total” or an extrapolation.
7:00 15:00
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Filter Expressions
FilterExpr = TF4473.PV > 50
TF4473.PV
50
7:00 15:00 23:00 7:00
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10.2.3 Building a Totalizer
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Steps to Process a Totalizer Tag
Total Close Mode
Rate Filter Function/ Report
Sample Expression Calc Mode
Mode Mode
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SMT3 Totalizer Editor
Configuration parameters
define the calculation
PI-SMT Totalizer Editor
plug in can help to
configure a tag.
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Rate Sample Mode
How are values selected as input?
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Filter Expression
Optional: Filter values sent to the
accumulation.
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Accumulation
How do we accumulate the values?
Summary Calculations:
TimeWeighted
EventWeighted
Count Events:
AllEvents
EventChange
TimeTrue
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Summary CalcMode
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Summary Function
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Counting
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Total Close Mode
When do we reset the accumulation?
Clock
Forever (never)
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TotalCloseMode
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Report Mode
When are the results reported?
PeriodEnd
Ramping
Running
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Conversion Factor
If you use the Total function, don’t forget to use
the appropriate conversion factor.
Rate tag Assumption of Conversion
engineering units the PI Server Factor
Units/day Units/day 1
Units/hour Units/day 24
Units/minute Units/day 1440
Units/second Units/day 86400
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Directed Exercise
Create PI Totalizer Tags that perform:
1. A ramping, event weighted total that closes at
midnight each day.
2. A running, time weighted average that reports
every 5 minutes and takes unto account 10
minutes of data.
Examine the results before moving to the
exercise.
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Group Recap Question
Describe the one main difference between a
Performance Equation Total and a total
generated by the Totalizer.
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Exercise 9
PI Totalizer
Objectives:
Create PI Totalizer tags
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10.3 ACE Calculations
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
ACE Applications – no user interactivity -
ACE is designed to develop standalone
VB applications that make use of PI data
More powerful and flexible than Performance
Equation, Alarm and Totalizer subsystems
More simple than building applications from
scratch with the PI API and SDK
Will be integrated into RtBaseLine (PIANO)
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ACE features – supports staff roles
The ACE developer can develop, debug and
test the calculations on a development box.
The PI system manager can stop and restart
independently any calculation in production,
set priorities, manage the data fed to ACE,
even assign ACE to other data, – without
recoding.
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ACE features – rich coding environment
Advanced programming functions (For… Next loops,
Cases, external libraries)
Comments are easily added to the VB code
Natural triggering can use multiple input tags
ACE can perform several computations in the same
module (no need to ‘cascade’ equations)
Several message logging levels and options
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ACE features – Enterprise Architecture
Can export ACE calculations from a PI server to another
PI server
Allows to define different security levels to access
computations
ACE calculations can be applied to any number of
contexts without re-coding
Tags from different PI servers can be used
ACE structure helps to organize computations
Calculations can be run on a separate computer (ACE
server)
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The Three Parts of ACE
ACE Wizard (developer’s tool / code generator)
ACE 1.2: Add-In to Visual Basic 6
ACE 2.1.5: Add-In to Visual .Net 2003
ACE 2.1.6: Add-In to Visual .Net 2005
ACE Manager (utility / console client)
ACE Scheduler (middle tier agent)
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ACE features – summary
ACE is a tool between and PI and VB for the
developer
ACE has no direct application to PI end users
Users are only aware of ACE through value-
added tags and applications
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Structure of ACE components
PI server
ACE Manager ACE MDB
structure
ACE Wizard ACE
Sched.
ACE
exe/dll
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Hierarchy of ACE calculations
ACE Executables ACE EXE/DLL file
ACE Executable 1
ACE Context 1
ACE Module 1
ACE Context K
ACE Module N
ACE Executable M
ACE related information is stored
in the PI ModuleDataBase
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Your current configuration …
ACE PI server
ACE Sched.
exe/dll
ACE Wizard ACE Manager
PI server
ACE MDB
structure
PI server
PI server
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Configuration 1 – ACE server
PI server
ACE MDB
structure
ACE Manager
ACE
Sched.
ACE Wizard
PI server
ACE
exe/dll
PI server
PI ACE
server
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Configuration 2 – ACE server & Dev. box
PI server
ACE Manager PI server
ACE
ACE MDB
Sched.
structure
ACE
exe/dll
Dev. Box
PI ACE ACE Wizard
server
ACE
exe/dll
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Group Recap Question
Question: As a calculation engine, what
is PI ACE capable of that could not be
done using PI Performance Equation
or PI Totalizer?
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11.0 PI Module Database
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
PI Module Database
• Each PI Server has its own PI Module
Database (PI Module DB)
• The PI Module DB is used to organize an
enterprise’s information streams into logical
sub-areas
• The path to a certain area is called a context
• If the context (plant, unit, etc) is changed, the
referenced PI points will change, without
having to search again for their tag names
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PI Module DB – PI Modules
The structure of the
PI Module DB allows
the information to be
stored hierarchically
Enterprise in relation to a
physical model, a
Location business model or an
application model
Department
Equipment Class
Equipment
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PI Module DB – PI Properties
• PI Properties can also be hierarchical
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PI Module DB – PI Aliases
Reactor1 Reactor 2 Reactor 3 Reactor 4
Temperature identification without aliases
RX:TC143.PV RX:TC144.PV RX:TC145.PV RX:TC146.PV
Temperature identification with aliases
Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature
Reactor1 Reactor 2 Reactor 3 Reactor 4
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Editing the PI Module Database
Edit the PI Module Database from
the PI SMT Module Database plug-in
the PI Module Database Builder for Excel
Security for the PI Module Database is
controlled through PI Database security
Security can be set for each module with a
named owner, group, and access pattern.
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Group Recap Question
What are some of the applications you would
use Module Database for?
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Exercise 15
The PI Module Database
Objective:
Use the Module Database plug-in in the PI
SMT console and the PI Module Database
Builder (for Excel) to create and extend a
PI Module Database structure
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12.0 Managed PI
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
Principles of Managed PI
Data Collection
Data Analysis and Notification
Support
Updates
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In a Managed PI Environment…
The customer is responsible for:
building new / maintaining existing tags
moving the backup files to a safe location
providing IT support for routine OS maintenance
knowing how to contact the NOC for questions
and information
understanding the Software Deployment Service
and the tools used to configure it
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12.1 Monitoring
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
Monitoring Topology
SMTP ACE
Server Analysis
Servers
`
PI Server NOC PI
Interface
Managed PI Servers
Managed
Service NOC
PI Service
Interface
Managed
PI Service
OSIsoft
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Installation
The interfaces that the Managed PI system relies upon
for its function.
PI Enterprise System Monitor
PI Server Check Utility
PI Management Subsystem
PI Management Upgrade Utility
PI Performance Monitor
Success is measured only when monitoring is live at
OSIsoft NOC
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What do we monitor?
Process Status
Subsystem Performance
Interface Status and Performance
Machine Performance Counters
NO PROCESS DATA!
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PI Performance Packet
An email message sent via SMTP Server to
OSIsoft for monitoring analysis
5 minute interval (max 30 minute)
NO Process Data
Performance Counters and Log Files
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Interface Status Utility (ISU)
An interface
One watchdog tag configured per interface
Usually scan rate is 3x times that of the
monitored point and no exception deviation
Monitored tag should be selected carefully
Used by managed PI to determine if an
interface is up or down
In the future replaced by uniint Health Points
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The NOC
Network Operations Center
[email protected]
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Notifications
Specific hierarchy and method are determined
during installation between OSIsoft and
customer
Normally customers contacted only on critical
alerts (data loss)
OSIsoft will correct the situation – notifications
are informational in nature
Problems repaired with little or no impact to
data collection are transparent
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How do I know OSIsoft is Watching?
Each customer gets their own space on our
extranet that displays live statistics
Based upon RtWebParts
Also includes access to call records that are
made across the organization
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12.2 Updates
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
Update Topology
Web Server with
updates will be
maintained by
OSIsoft. Can be
hosted inside the
customer
Web Server Update Web Server infrastructure.
with updates Server with updates
Each PI Server
maintains a catalog
with the version `
information of itself and
its interfaces
NOC
PI Server
Managed PI
Service
Interface
Managed
PI Service
Interface
Managed OSIsoft
PI Service
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Software Deployment Service
Controls how deployment of software is
handled
Downloads new software versions
automatically
Action is configurable
No Action
Prompt for Update
Automatic Installation
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12.3 Tools
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Managed PI Software Updates
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Enterprise System Monitor
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Customer Extranet
Customer Site-centric Dashboard Of Status
Important Announcements
Project Documents
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Site Status
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For more information
Documents:
Managed PI - Software Update Services SMT3
Plug-in
Managed PI - Software Update Services
Overview
Managed PI - Overview
Managed PI - IT Overview
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Conclusion
Copyright © 2005 OSIsoft, Inc.
“Show Me How” Training Webinars
Live training webinars are offered regularly for
customers who are enrolled in the Software
Reliance Program (SRP).
Go to training.osisoft.com and
choose 5 Ways to Learn >
Training Webinars for more
information and to register.
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Show Me the Value Webinars
The link is http://www.osisoft.com/Events/Webinars/
Free
We make them available online within one day if you
can’t watch the live Webinar
There are 6 different tracks
Application Report Industry Focus
Compliance Blueprint Platform Update
Partner Spotlight Security Minded
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Computer Based Training
OSIsoft offers computer based training on CD-ROM
for most PI software.
Go to training.osisoft.com and choose
Classes>> Courses on CD for more information and to order a
free demo.
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Training
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Technical Support
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Developer’s Network
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Evaluation
Please take a few minutes to fill in the
evaluation form we have on the web. Go to
the training web site, select “Schedule and
Registration” and then log into your profile at
the bottom of the screen.
You will also be emailed a link in a week or so
from our automated registration system.
Thank you!
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Questions
?
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NetMeeting (if the projector fails)
If there is a projector failure, NetMeeting can be
used to visualize the trainer desktop
Click on the NetMeeting icon
Enter the name of the trainer computer
Click on the phone button
Wait until the trainer share his desktop
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Table Of Contents
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10.2.1 Options Explained –
Common Options
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• The following slides are the various options
explained. They will not be discussed in detail
in class. Most of the options described are
obscure features and not used by most
totalizers.
• The class will only discuss in detail the
common functions.
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