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Understanding Chemical Reactions and Equations

1) Chemical reactions occur when reactants are transformed into products. 2) Chemical equations are used to represent chemical reactions, with reactants on the left side of the arrow and products on the right. Coefficients are used to indicate the quantity of each substance. 3) For a chemical equation to be correct, it must be balanced so that the same number of atoms of each element exists on both sides of the reaction.

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183 views38 pages

Understanding Chemical Reactions and Equations

1) Chemical reactions occur when reactants are transformed into products. 2) Chemical equations are used to represent chemical reactions, with reactants on the left side of the arrow and products on the right. Coefficients are used to indicate the quantity of each substance. 3) For a chemical equation to be correct, it must be balanced so that the same number of atoms of each element exists on both sides of the reaction.

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Understanding

Chemical Reactions
and Equations
Chemical reactions occur every day.
Plants use carbon dioxide and release
oxygen through photosynthesis
Metal pipes rust
CHEMICAL REACTION
- Is a process through which one or more
substances are change into different
substances.
The original substance are called
REACTANTS
The resulting substance are referred to as
PRODUCTS
Observe the pictures.
The formation of bubbles is
an evidence of a production
of a new gas during
reaction.
Cloudiness can
indicate the
formation of a new
solid substance.
A change in
temperature
sometimes
accompanied by light
production as well as
color can signify a
chemical changes
 Chemical reactions are represented by
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
 Chemical equations show what happens
during a reaction it consist of symbols and
formulas.
4Fe(s) + 3O₂(g) →2Fe₂O₃(s)
Compounds at the left-hand side of the
arrow are the reactants needed for the
reaction to take place.
Those at the right-hand side are the
products formed in the reaction.
Symbols in chemical equations

 “ + “ Written between the symbols


and/or products
Left side: read as “combines with” or “
react with”
Right side: read as “and”
 “→” Separate reactants from products
read as “yields” or “produce”
Symbols in chemical equations

 (s) Indicates a solid reactant or product


 (l) Indicates a liquid reactant or product
 (g) Indicates a gaseous reactants or
product
 (aq) Indicates that the reactant or product
is in an aqueous solution(homogeneously
dispersed in water)
Symbols in chemical equations

 “∆ (over the reaction arrow)” Indicates that


heat must be supplied to reactants before
a reaction occurs.
 “catalyst( (over the reaction arrow)” The
substance written above the arrow is a
catalyst or a solvent
 The big numbers written before the
chemical formulas are called
COEFFICIENTS

Coefficients give an idea of the number of


molecules of a substance that participate
in the reaction.
The small number are termed
SUBSCRIPTS

Subscripts tells how many atoms are


present in a specific compound.
o Note that the absence of coefficients or
subscripts means that the number is equal
to “1”
The two types of numbers in a
chemical symbol

O₂ 2o₂
 Chemical reaction may be written also in
WORD EQUATION
 A word equation presents the reactants
and products of a chemical reaction using
words
 It only identifies the reactants and
products involved in a reaction, and not
their quantities
Hydrogen gas + chlorine gas → hydrogen cloride gas

“ hydrogengas and chlorine gas react


to produce hydrogen chloride gas”
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
After heating a metal strip of
magnesium(Mg) in the presence of
oxygen(O₂)gas, a white powder was seen
on the wire gauze. The white powder was
found to be magnisium oxide(MgO). Using
this information, Write the corresponding
word equation and chemical equation
representing the reaction.
Word Equation:

Solid magnesium metal + oxygen gas → solid magnisium oxide


Chemical Equation:

Mg(s) + O₂(g) → MgO(s)


SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Solid potassium (K) metal and chlorine (Cl₂)
gas combine to form potassium chloride
(KCl) powder.
Balanced Chemical Equations
A chemical equation should meet several
requirements for it to be considered correct.

-One, it should show the correct symbols


and formulas for the reactants and products,
including their physical states.
To complete the process of writing a correct
equation, the law of conservation of mass
must also be taken into account.

This law states that, in a chemical reaction,


the total amount of products is equal to the
total amount of reactants.
This follows that the relative amounts of
reactants and products represented in
chemical equation must be adjusted so that
the numbers of each type of atom are the
same both side of equation.
This process is called balancing an
equation and is carried out by inserting
appropriate coefficients before each
chemical symbols.

Once the equation is balanced, a equation is


said to be correctly written.
Balancing an equation may be
done either through the inspection
method or the oxidation state
method.
Steps in Balancing
Chemical Equation:
EXAMPLE:

C₃H₈ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O


 Count the number of atoms of
each element in the reactants and
in the products.
 If the number of atoms of at least one
element is not equal on both side of the
equation the reaction is not yet balanced.
Change the coefficients of the molecules
until the number of atoms of each element
on either side of the equation is balanced.
Take note that only the coefficients, and
not the subscrips,may be adjusted.
• Check if the number of each type of atom
on both sides of the equation is the same.
This will indicate if the equation is
balanced.
EXAMPLES:

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