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Hand and Power Tools: Ergonomics Program Standard: 29Cfr 1910.900

Here are 3 key hazards of manual material handling equipment: 1. Wrong usage or operation can easily lead to serious accidents. 2. In narrow spaces like clean rooms, collapsing or falling loads from contact is likely. 3. Being manually operated, human error during operation can easily cause injuries.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
77 views29 pages

Hand and Power Tools: Ergonomics Program Standard: 29Cfr 1910.900

Here are 3 key hazards of manual material handling equipment: 1. Wrong usage or operation can easily lead to serious accidents. 2. In narrow spaces like clean rooms, collapsing or falling loads from contact is likely. 3. Being manually operated, human error during operation can easily cause injuries.

Uploaded by

LEI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HAND AND POWER TOOLS

ERGONOMICS PROGRAM STANDARD: 29CFR 1910.900


Objectives and Target

 The objective in this chapter is to learn the


correct way of using tools during work. Through
the correct use of tools work is accomplished
safer, faster and with high-quality.
 Target
 Thetarget in this chapter is precautions on
handling standard hand and power tools and the
acquisition of their proper usage through
practice.
Definition of Hand and Power Tools

 Tool is general term used for utensils in industrial work. Common tools
are used to cut, chop, roll, nip, shave, polish, measure, etc. These tasks
require intensive labor if done by hand. However, tools make these
tasks more faster, easier and more precise. Further more, using electric
tools such as power tools makes the tasks all the more easier, faster and
more precise.

 Tools come in many different shapes, sizes, and materials and vary
according to their intended purpose. These tools may be categorized
according to industry and specific use. The terms Hand and Power Tools
used here are not based on a specific definition but rather a broad based
terminology.
Hand and Power Tools
 Hand tools run on muscle power.
 Example: Driver, wrench, nipper, hammer,
cutter, etc.

 Power tools run on electricity.


 Example: Impact driver, grinder, sander,
jigsaw, etc.
Hazards Common to Hand and Power Tools
A. Injuries caused by using a tool for the wrong purpose
B. Damage to workpiece caused by using wrong size tool for the job
C. Inefficiency caused by using worn-down and damaged tool and increases risk of
injury
D. Electric shock or short-circuit caused by tool hitting live wires
E. Injuries caused by improper tool use or hand position
Hazards in Power Tools
 Unexpected startup
 Electric shock due to insufficient insulation
 Leak or electric shock due to damaged cord
 Overheating caused by overload from multiple connections, etc.
 Falling due to loss of balance caused by vibrations from tool
 Getting one’s hair, clothes, etc. caught in the drive mechanism
 Workpiece flying off if not properly secured
 Flying shavings, sparks, sawdust, etc
Precautions for Hand and Power Tools
Precautions common to hand and power tools
- Never use hand tools for anything other than their intended use
- Use appropriate tools for the task.
- Inspect tools prior to use.
- Confirm area and workpiece are not live (electrically charged).
- Maintain tools regularly and keep them clean.
General precautions for hand and power tools

Precautions and preparation of power tools


- Read and understand the user manual
- Keep your work environment neat and orderly
- Prepare tools that meet safety standards
- Inspect tools before use
- Wear appropriate clothes for the job
- Wear protectors
- Check power supply coincides with the power tool
- Replace tool parts after power is shut down
Preventing electric shock from power
tools
 Securely attach the earth
 Use power supply with earth leakage circuit breaker
 Use double insulated tool
 Insulation check before use
 Handling power supply cable
 Precautions for using electric drum

Adopter

Double insulation symbol


Practice:
Correct Use of Hand and Power Tools
 Practice the use of hand and powers tools
 Learn how to use common tools
 Learn how to use tools in accordance with

each company.
 Screwdrivers
 Spanners (end wrenches)
 Monkey wrenches (adjustable wrenches)
 Hex (Allen) wrenches
 Ratchets
 Torque wrenches, Torque drivers
 Electric drill driver
Screwdrivers

 Screwdrivers are used to attach parts by tightening screws or remove


parts by loosening screws.
Spanners (End wrenches)
 Spanners are used to attach and remove nuts and bolts by
turning them either to tighten or loosen.
 Always use a spanner that corresponds to the size of the nut/bolt. Make
sure the spanner is fully seated on the nut/bolt, and, turn the spanner by
pulling toward you in an straight direction.

Do no angle the tool


Monkey (Adjustable) wrenches
 The use of a monkey (or adjustable) wrench is basically the same as
that of a spanners (or end wrenches); however a monkey wrenches
are equipped with a worm screw to enable the wrench to be adjusted
to fit the nut or bolt.
 Always adjust the wrench to eliminate any gaps and attain a good snug fit on
the nut/bolt. Keep the wrench straight and level and turn downward.
Upward

Downward

Leave no gap
Hex (Allen) wrenches
 Used to tighten and loosed Allen bolts.

 Always use a wrench that corresponds to the size of the hex hole,
fully insert the wrench hole. Never use an extension pipe to turn
it.

Gap
Ratchet wrenches
 Ratchet wrenches combine a gear and spring in a very delicate
structure, so exerting undue force when turning them may damage
the tool.
 Always use a wrench that fits the size of the nut/bolt, never use an
extension pipe on the handle in order to turn them.

Always fit the Never use at an angle Never use an extension pipe on the handle
socket all the way
onto the nut or bolt
Torque wrenches/Torque driver
 There are various types of torque wrenches, but all are used to measure a specified
torque.
 Torque wrenches and torque drivers are precision instruments with measuring
functionality and as such must not be handled haphazardly. Furthermore they must
be gripped properly and once torque has been attained should not be turned any
further.

Torque wrenches Torque driver


Power (electric) drill drivers
Power drill drivers use high power. Always keep in mind that improper usage,
handling or storage may lead to a serious accident such as electrical shock
and loss of balance and falling. Make sure to read the operation manual,
and use correctly.
Power drill drivers have a rotating function and are used to bore
holes, and tighten or loosen screws in the same manner as a
regular screwdriver.
Summary
1. Never use tools for anything other than their intended use. Maintain
them regularly and check them before use.

2. Adjust monkey wrenches properly to correspond to the size of the


nut/bolt, leave no gaps, keeping the wrench straight, turn the wrench in
the direction from upper jaw to lower jaw.

3. Use a hex wrench that fits the size of the hex hole, insert the wrench
fully into the hole and never use an extension pipe to turn it. Never use
a ball point type hex wrench for final tightening.

18
Summary
4. When using power tools, button cuffs to prevent them from getting
caught in spinning parts. Never wear loose work clothes and
remove ties or necklaces in advance. If work gloves are involved,
wear leather gloves if necessary.

5. To prevent electrical shock when using a power tool, securely attach


the earth wire to the earth terminal, use power supply or drum
equipped with earth leakage circuit breaker, perform insulation check
before use and use power tools with double insulation.

19
Material Handling Equipment
Definitions of material handling equipment

What is material handling equipment?


Material handling equipment has following roles.
- Transfers loads
- Unloads loads
- Hoists loads

Material handling equipment works by means of following


power.
- Machine power… It generates strong torque.
- Man power… It is easy to use.

21
Definitions of material handling equipment

Material handling equipment that uses machine power


[Transporting equipment] [Unloading equipment] [Hoisting equipment]
Truck Crane Ceiling crane

[Hoisting equipment] [Unloading equipment]


Hoist Forklift

22
Definitions of material handling equipment

Transportation devices that uses man power

[Transfer equipment] [Transfer equipment]


Hand pallet jack Industrial roller

(Pallet)

[Lifting equipment]
Air caster

23
Hazards of material handling equipment

Hazards when loads are loaded/unloaded


A crane or a forklift is used to load/unload equipment or parts.
In this case, you might be required to monitor or inspect the work.
Following hazards and injuries are anticipated.

Loads might…
- Collapse => Workers will be crushed.
Their hands or foot will get caught.
- Drop => Workers’ heads or entire bodies will be
injured
- Fall over=> Workers will be crushed. Their Results in serious
hands or foot will get caught. injury or death
- Collide against material handling equipment =>
Workers’ entire bodies will be injured

24
Hazards of material handling equipment
Hazards pertaining to manual material handling equipment

- Though such equipment is easy to use, wrong


usage or operation leads to serious accidents.
- In a narrow clean room path, collapsing or
falling of loads due to contact easily occurs.
- Since it is manually operated, wrong operation
might be done due to a human error.
- Therefore, injuries are easy to happen.

25
Appropriate actions to use material handling equipment

Keep safety for operating material


handling equipment
- Check the working procedures and safety with a
transportation company and customer representatives
- Check workers have necessary license & qualification
- Determine working area and safety area
- Ensure that an working observer or a
director is assigned
- Ensure hazardous situations and actions
should be pointed out once thy are found
condition/risk behavior
- Never enter into the working area

26
Appropriate actions to use material handling equipment

Safety usage for a hand pallet jack


- Check the unit before use
- Assign a supporter for transporting
- Use the equipment at less than the maximum rated load
capacity (check the maximum rated load capacity and never
exceed it)
- Use the equipment at flat surface (do not use it on inclines)
- Check the stability of the loads (ensure they never collapse)
- Push, do not pull (for prevention from musculoskeletal
disorder)
- Stop the moving equipment slowly
- Never ride on the pallet jack

27
Summary
1. Material handling equipment has functions and roles to transfer,
load/unload and hoist loads.
2. Hazards in the material handling equipment include collapse, dropping,
turnover of loads or collision against the material handling equipment.
Once these hazards occur, entire human bodies might be crushed
under or between them resulting in serious injuries or death.
3. Though a hand pallet jack is easy to use, it leads to serious accidents
easily if it is mistakenly used. Also, a narrow path is easy to cause
loads’ collapse or turnover due to contact. Since it is manually operated,
the operation mistake will frequently occur because of human error.
4. Never enter operating area of the material handling equipment.
5. When using a hand pallet jack, check its conditions before use, assign a
supporter, use it at maximum rated load or less on the flat ground only,
ensure the stability of the loads, push and stop slowly.

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End

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