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LS 6 - TYPES OF AGRICULTURE (Part 3)

This document discusses different types of commercial agriculture practiced around the world. It describes extensive agriculture, plantation agriculture, mixed farming, pastoral farming, dairy farming, orchard farming, market gardening, and horticulture. For each type, it provides examples of major crops and characteristics like farm size, labor requirements, and mechanization.

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72 views13 pages

LS 6 - TYPES OF AGRICULTURE (Part 3)

This document discusses different types of commercial agriculture practiced around the world. It describes extensive agriculture, plantation agriculture, mixed farming, pastoral farming, dairy farming, orchard farming, market gardening, and horticulture. For each type, it provides examples of major crops and characteristics like farm size, labor requirements, and mechanization.

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LS 6 – TYPES OF

AGRICULTURE & MAJOR


CROPS (part 3)
Geography – class VIII
Types of agriculture (continued)

 2. COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
 Agriculture done with the aim of selling the product and earning a profit.
EXAMPLES OF COMMERCIAL
AGRICULTURE PRACTISED IN THE WORLD
 EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURE
 PLANTATION AGRICULTURE
 MIXED FARMING
 PASTORAL FARMING
 DAIRY FARMING
 ORCHARD FARMING
 MARKET GARDENING
 HORTICULTURE
EXTENSIVE AGRICULTURE –
practised in areas where land is
abundant, and population is
sparse.

 Agriculture is practised on a
commercial scale – crops grown
for sale in the market.
 Land holdings are very big in
size.
 Farming operations are fully
mechanised.
 Very few human labourers.
 Specialisation in one or two
crops.
 Important crops – wheat,
barley, corn
PLANTATION AGRICULTURE – introduced by
the European nations who had colonies in
the tropical and sub-tropical regions.

 Commercial farming – specialisation of a


single crop.
 Huge farms – called estates.
 Large amount of capital is invested.
 Efficient farming methods; use of machinery
and fertilisers.
 A lot of manual labour is used – skilled labour
is often imported.
 Important crops – tea, coffee, rubber,
banana
MIXED FARMING – crop
cultivation and animal rearing
are practised on the same
farm.

 Common in the developed parts of the


world.
 Farm size is moderate, farming is done
intensively.
 Use of modern machinery, improved
seeds and chemical fertilisers ensure a
high yield.
 Crop rotation is practised to retain soil
fertility.
 Farmers grow cereal crops like wheat,
maize and barley along with root crops
like potatoes and turnips, legumes like
peas and beans, fodder crops like alfalfa.
 They raise cattle for beef, sheep for
mutton.
PASTORAL FARMING – rearing of
livestock like cattle, sheep, and goats
for meat, milk, wool, hides etc

 Practised in the temperate grasslands.


 Animals kept on huge farms called ranches.
 Fed on natural grasses as well as fodder
crops like alfalfa
 Ranches are scientifically managed
 Animals are well looked – after.
DAIRY FARMING – rearing of dairy cattle
to produce milk and milk products.
 Practised around urban areas.
 Highly intensive livestock farming.
 Modern machinery is used.
 Scientific methods of breeding are used.
 Large labour force required to look after
the cattle.
 Large amount of capital is required.
ORCHARD FARMING –
developed in the
Mediterranean region.
 Highly specialised commercial agriculture.
 Viticulture – grapes cultivation is a
speciality.
 South European countries like Portugal,
Spain, France, Italy have orchards.
 This region experiences winter rain and
summer drought.
MARKET GARDENING – includes
the cultivation of vegetables,
fruits and flowers solely for the
urban markets.

 Market gardens – located just


outside the cities in sub-urban
areas.
 Small in size, intensively
cultivated.
 Irrigation is used
 Soil fertility maintained, by use
of fertilisers.
 Lot of manual labour required.
 Also known as truck farming, as
fresh vegetables are transported
to the markets by trucks.
HORTICULTURE – includes the
growing of fruits and flowers
 Produced to meet the needs of the people
living in towns and cities.
 Very common in the European countries and
in the USA..
 Netherlands specialises in tulip production.
 Roses and marigolds are grown in India.
ACTIVITY

 Who spurred the White


Revolution in India?

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