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    Lecture - 2 y

    Uploaded by

    Amer Riaz Ghazi
    This document discusses heat transfer in engines. It covers the importance of heat transfer in engines and the main modes of heat transfer - conduction, convection, and radiation. It then discusses various techniques for measuring temperature distributions in engine components, such as using thermocouples and finite element analysis. Finally, it discusses how different engine variables can affect heat transfer and temperature distributions in engines, such as speed, load, compression ratio, coolant temperature, wall materials, and spark/injection timing. Temperature distributions in key components like pistons, cylinder heads, and valves are impacted by these variables.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture - 2 y

    Uploaded by

    Amer Riaz Ghazi
    29 views30 pages
    This document discusses heat transfer in engines. It covers the importance of heat transfer in engines and the main modes of heat transfer - conduction, convection, and radiation. It then discusses various techniques for measuring temperature distributions in engine components, such as using thermocouples and finite element analysis. Finally, it discusses how different engine variables can affect heat transfer and temperature distributions in engines, such as speed, load, compression ratio, coolant temperature, wall materials, and spark/injection timing. Temperature distributions in key components like pistons, cylinder heads, and valves are impacted by these variables.

    Original Description:

    Heat Transfer in Engines

    Original Title

    Lecture_2 y

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    This document discusses heat transfer in engines. It covers the importance of heat transfer in engines and the main modes of heat transfer - conduction, convection, and radiation. It then discusses various techniques for measuring temperature distributions in engine components, such as using thermocouples and finite element analysis. Finally, it discusses how different engine variables can affect heat transfer and temperature distributions in engines, such as speed, load, compression ratio, coolant temperature, wall materials, and spark/injection timing. Temperature distributions in key components like pistons, cylinder heads, and valves are impacted by these variables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    29 views30 pages

    Lecture - 2 y

    Uploaded by

    Amer Riaz Ghazi
    This document discusses heat transfer in engines. It covers the importance of heat transfer in engines and the main modes of heat transfer - conduction, convection, and radiation. It then discusses various techniques for measuring temperature distributions in engine components, such as using thermocouples and finite element analysis. Finally, it discusses how different engine variables can affect heat transfer and temperature distributions in engines, such as speed, load, compression ratio, coolant temperature, wall materials, and spark/injection timing. Temperature distributions in key components like pistons, cylinder heads, and valves are impacted by these variables.

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    Heat Transfer in

    Engines
    Importance of Engine Heat transfer
    Modes of Heat Transfer
    Conduction

    Convection

    Radiation
    Surface temperature measured with thermocouple in cylinder head, and surface heat flux calculated
    from surface temperature, as a function of crank angle
    Thermal loading and component
    temperatures
    Variation of cylinder head temperature with measurement location in spark-ignition engine
    Temperature and heat flux distribution in the cylinder liner of a high-speed Dl diesel engine
    Temperature distribution in exhaust valves
    Temperature distributions in engine components can
    be calculated from a knowledge of the heat fluxes
    across the component surface using finite element
    analysis techniques. For steady-state engine
    operation, the depth within a component to which
    the unsteady temperature fluctuations (caused by
    the variations in heat flux during the cycle) penetrate
    is small, so a quasi-steady solution is satisfactory.
    A standard finite element analysis of the heat flow through the piston
    yields the temperature distribution within the piston. The thermal stresses
    can therefore be calculated and added to the mechanical stress field to
    determine the total stress distribution .

    This can be used to define the potential fatigue regions in the actual
    piston design

    Detailed measurements of the temperature distribution in the piston allow


    the relative amounts of heat which flow out of the different piston
    surfaces to be estimated
    Heat outflow from various zones of piston as percentage of heat flow in from combustion chamber.
    In larger diesel engines and highly loaded diesel engines,
    one or more cooling channels are incorporated into the
    piston crown. This reduces the heat flow out through the
    ring area significantly.
    Effect of Engine Variables
    engine speed
    engine load
    equivalence ratio
    compression ratio
    spark or injection timing
    Swirl and squash motion
    mixture inlet temperature
    coolant temperature and composition
    wall material wall deposits
    Effect of Engine Variables
    SPEED, LOAD, AND
    EQUIVALENCE RATIO

    Predicted heat transfer as a percentage of total energy Supplied by fuel


    Comparison with previous Eq.
    Compression Ratio (1/2)

    Increasing the compression ratio in an SI engine decreases the total heat flux
    to the coolant until (10); thereafter heat flux increases slightly with increasing
    compression ratio.
    The change is modest, 10 percent decrease in the maximum heat flux occurs
    for an increase in compression ratio from 7.1 to 9.4.
    Several gas properties change with increasing compression ratio gas motion
    increase, combustion is faster, the surface/volume ratio close to TDC
    increase, the gas temperature late in the expansion stroke and during the
    exhaust stroke is reduced.
    The effect of changes in compression ratio on component
    temperatures depends on location.

    Generally, head and exhaust valve temperatures decrease with


    increasing compression ratio, due to lower expansion and exhaust
    stroke temperatures.
    The piston and spark plug electrode temperatures increase, due to
    the higher peak combustion temperatures at higher compression
    ratios.
    Spark timing (Quiz Slide)

    Predicted average heat-transfer rate in spark-ignition engine as a function of spark timing.


    COOLANT TEMPERATURE AND COMPOSITION

    Increasing liquid coolant temperature increases the temperature


    of components directly cooled by the liquid coolant.

    Which Engine part is most and least effected by the coolant


    temperature ?
    Effect of coolant temperature on various Engine parts
    WALL MATERIALS

    Cast Iron
    Aluminum
    Silicon Nitride
    Zirconia
    Mean gas temperature and piston surface temperature profiles predicted by turbo-
    compounded DI diesel engine simulation for water-cooled metal combustion chamber walls
    and for partly insulated Engine with ceramic wall.
    Knock

    Extremely high local


    temperatures and
    pressures.

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