UNIT - III Problems On Ages and Numbers

PEA215–Lecture#
PROBLEMS ON AGES
Content
1) Introduction
2) Forming equations
3) Solving the questions by using general equation
4) Solving the questions by using tricks
i.Multiple of the ratio

ii.Ratio difference
iii.Divisible values
iv.Change in ratio
v.Different timeline
5) Practice problems
6) Problems on numbers
1) INTRODUCTION
It is easy to solve all these problems by equations but your
objective in exam should be solving these problems in the
easiest way which saves more than half the time compared to
solving by equation.
The easiest way in solving these questions will be by picking

the right answer among the four options using the ratio or
the values given in the question.
2) Forming equations
Statement Equation
A’s age 3 years later (after / hence / down the line) A+3
A’s age 3 years ago A-3
A is 3 years older than B A=B+3
A is 3 years younger than B A=B-3
A is 3 times (thrice) as old as B A = 3B
A is 3 times older than B (or) A = 4B
A is 3 times older to B
Father was as old as his son at present, at the time of F - S = S =>
his birth. F = 2S
The present age ratio of A and B is 5:6. A/B = 5/6
Four years hence (or after) their age ratio will be 6:7. (A+4) / (B+4) = 6:7.
3) Solving the questions by using GENERAL EQUATION
Example: The sum of the present ages of a son and his

father is 60 years. Six years ago, father's age was five times
the age of the son. After 6 years, what will be the son's age?
S+F = 60
F-6 = 5(S-6)
S+6 = ?
Eq 2 becomes F-6 = 5S – 30
F = 5S – 24
Substitute this is Eq 1: S + F = 60
S + (5S – 24) = 60
6S = 84
S = 14
S+6 = 20
∴ The age of the son after 6 years is 20

4) Solving the question by using TRICKS
Avoid using variables x & y always as there is a chance of

going wrong in relating the variables with the persons given.
Instead, using the first letter will make the relating easy.
For example S can be used as son’s age and F can be used as
father’s age.
Trick 1: Multiple of the ratio
Example: Present ages of Kiran and Shyam are in the ratio
of 5 : 4 respectively. Three years hence, the ratio of their
ages will become 11 : 9 respectively. What is Shyam's
present age in years?
A.24
B.22
C.26
D.28
Now: The age of Kiran and Shyam is in the ratio 5:4.
∴ Shyam’s age should be in the multiple of 4.
Only option a and d are having the age of Shyam in the

multiple of 4. The answer should be either a)24 or d)28.
After 3 years:
Kiran’s age – a)24+3=27 or d)28+3=31

The age of Kiran and Shyam will be in the ratio 11:9.
∴ Shyam’s age should be in the multiple of 9.
Only a)27 is in the multiple of 9.

∴ Shyam’s present age is a)24.
Example 1. One year ago, the ratio of Sooraj's and Vimal's age
was 6: 7 respectively. Four years hence, this ratio would become
7: 8. How old is Vimal?
A.44Years
B.43 years
C.49 Years
D.36 Years
• Ans: d
Trick 2: Ratio difference
Example: Alan is younger than Turing by 6 years and their
ages are in the respective ratio of 7 : 9, how old is Turing?
A.18
B.27
C.35
D.36
The age of Alan and Turing is in the ratio 7:9.
The age difference between them is 6.
Equate the ratio difference and age difference
7:9
2 parts
2 parts = 6
1 part = 3
9 parts = 27
∴ The age of Turing is 27

Example 2. The ratio between the present ages of P and Q is 6:7. If
Q is 4 years old than P, what will be the ratio of the ages of P
and Q after 4 years.
A)7:9
B)3:8
C)7:8
D)5:8
• Ans: C
Trick 3: Divisible values
Example: A person's present age is two-fifth of the age of
his mother. After 8 years, he will be one-half of the age of his
mother. What is the present age of the mother?
A.62
B.45
C.40
D.56
Now: P= 2/5 M
This indicates that M should be divisible by 5.
Only options b) 45 and c) 40 are divisible by 5.
After 8 years:
M+8= b) 45+8 = 53 or c)40+8 = 48
P+8 = ½(M+8)
This indicates that M+8 should be divisible by 2.
Only option c)48 is divisible by 2.

∴ Mother’s age is c) 40
Example 3. Sandeep's age after six years will be three-seventh
of his father's age. Ten years ago the ratio of their ages was 1 :
5. What is Sandeep's father's age at present?
A. 43 Years
B. 60Years
C. 50 Years
D. 56 Years
• Ans: C
Trick 4: Change in ratio
Example: Father is aged three times more than his son
Sunil. After 8 years, he would be two and a half times of
Sunil's age. After further 8 years, how many times would he
be of Sunil's age?
A.2 times
B.3 times
C.4 times
D.5 times
Now : F:S = 3:1
After 8 years : F:S = 2½:1
After 16 years: ?
As the years passes the ratio of the ages will always

decrease.
So after 16 years the ratio should be < 2½ :1

Only option a) 2 is less than 2½
Example 4. The age of father 10 years ago was thrice the age
of his son. Ten years hence, father's age will be twice that of
his son. What is the ratio of their present ages?
A.6:9
B.7:3
C.13:4
D.7:5
• Ans: B
Trick 5 : Different timeline
Example: Ayesha's father was 38 years of age when she
was born while her mother was 36 years old when her
brother four years younger to her was born. What is the
difference between the ages of her parents?
A.6 Years
B.5 Years
C.7 Years
D.6.5 Years
Ayesha's Father was 38 years old when she was born
F A
38 0
Her Mother was 36 years old when her Brother was born.
M B
360
Her Brother is four years younger to her
B A
0 4
As these three equations are not in the same timeline, compare the
values and make it same.
Eq 2 & Eq 3: The common value B is already same.

Eq 1 & Eq 3: A=0 & A=4. To make it equal add 4 with eq1.
F A
424
∴ F A M B
42 4 36 0
The difference between F and M is 6.
Example 5. A father said to his son, "I was as old as you are at
the present at the time of your birth". If the father's age is 38
years now, what was the son's age five years back?
A.19 Years
B.14 Years
C.16 Years
D.18 Years
• Ans: B
5) Practice problems
Q1. The total age of A and B is 12 years more than the total age
of B and C. C is how many year younger than A?
A.12
B.13
C.14
D.15
• Ans: A
Q2.The sum of ages of 5 children born at the intervals of 3 years
each is 50 years. What is the age of the youngest child?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 10
• Ans: b
Q3.Ages of two person differ by 16 years. If 6 year ago, the
elder one be 3 times as old the younger one, find their present
age.
A. 36, 16
B. 30, 14
C. 24, 8
D. 30, 10
• Ans: b
Q4. Steve is older than Mark by 6 years. If the ratio of their
current ages is 9:7, what will be the corresponding new ratio of
their ages when Mark is twice as old as he is now?
A.7:8
B.4:7
C.3:9
D.1:4
• Ans: A
Problems On Numbers
Some Basic Formulae:
(a + b)(a - b) = (a2 - b2)
(a + b)2 = (a2 + b2 + 2ab)
(a - b)2 = (a2 + b2 - 2ab)
(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
(a3 + b3) = (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2)
(a3 - b3) = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)
(a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc) = (a + b + c)
(a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac)
When a + b + c = 0, then a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc.
A two digit number can be represented as 10x+y where x
and y are the two digits.
Similarly a three digit number as 100x+10y+z and so on.

Q1. If one-third of one-fourth of a number is 15, then
three-tenth of that number is:
A.54
B.45
C.36
D.58
• Ans: A
Q2. The difference between a two-digit number and the
number obtained by interchanging the digits is 36.
What is the difference between the sum and the
difference of the digits of the number if the ratio
between the digits of the number is 1 : 2 ?
A.8
B.16
C.4
D.12
• Ans: A
Q3. Three times the first of three consecutive odd
integers is 3 more than twice the third. The third integer
is:
A.15
B.14
C.12
D.17
• Ans: A
Q4. A two-digit number is such that the product of the
digits is 8. When 18 is added to the number, then the
digits are reversed. The number is:
A.24
B.12
C.48
D.26
• Ans: A
Q5. In a two-digit, if it is known that its unit's digit
exceeds its ten's digit by 2 and that the product of the
given number and the sum of its digits is equal to 144,
then the number is:
A.24
B.26
C.28
D.30
E.32
Next Class: Logical Venn Diagram

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PEA215–Lecture#

i.Multiple of the ratio

The easiest way in solving these questions will be by picking

Example: The sum of the present ages of a son and his

∴ The age of the son after 6 years is 20

Avoid using variables x & y always as there is a chance of

Only option a and d are having the age of Shyam in the

Kiran’s age – a)24+3=27 or d)28+3=31

Only a)27 is in the multiple of 9.

Equate the ratio difference and age difference

∴ The age of Turing is 27

M+8= b) 45+8 = 53 or c)40+8 = 48

Only option c)48 is divisible by 2.

As the years passes the ratio of the ages will always

So after 16 years the ratio should be < 2½ :1

Eq 2 & Eq 3: The common value B is already same.

Similarly a three digit number as 100x+10y+z and so on.

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