BY :- KARTHIK PRASAD
(1NT07EE025)
Zigbee is the global wireless language connecting
dramatically different devices to work together and enhance
everyday
• Cost
-Low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in
wireless control and monitoring applications
•Ease of Deployment
-Mesh networking provides high reliability and more extensive
range.
•Multi-source Products
–Not betting on a single company
•Battery Operation
– Low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries.
Origin of ZigBee name
The name of the brand is originated with reference to the
behavior of honey bees after their return to the beehive
ZigBee-style networks began to be conceived around 1998,
when many installers realized that both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
were going to be unsuitable
The ZigBee specifications were ratified on 14 December 2004
ZigBee Alliance announces public availability of Specification
1.0 on 13 June 2005, known as ZigBee 2004 Specification.
During the last quarter of 2007, ZigBee PRO, the enhanced
ZigBee specification was finalized
Low power (battery life multi-month to years)
Multiple topologies: star, peer-to-peer, mesh
Addressing space of up to:
- 18,450,000,000,000,000,000 devices (64 bit IEEE address)
- 65,535 networks
Optional guaranteed time slot for applications requiring low
latency
Fully hand- shaked protocol for transfer reliability
Range: 50m typical (5-500m based on environment)
Operates in Unlicensed Bands
ISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbps
868 MHz European Band at 20kbps
915 MHz North American Band at 40kbps
Designed for wireless controls and sensors
Operates in Personal Area Networks (PAN’s) and device-to-
device networks
Connectivity between small packet devices
Control of lights, switches, thermostats, appliances, etc.
Engineers feel Wi-Fi and Bluetooth may be unsuitable. This
spawned the idea of digital radio networks via direct-
sequence spread spectrum coding.
ZigBee-compliant radios may operate on one of three
different radio bands: the 800 MHz, 900 MHz, or 2.4 GHz
frequencies.
Follows the internationally recognized radio standard for the
MAC and PHY Layer.
• Allows users to balance system cost, reliability & battery life
Mesh
• Reliability
• Extended Range
• No Battery Life
• Routing
Complexity
Star
• Simplicity
• Low Cost
• Long Battery Life
• Single Point of
Failure
Hybrid (Cluster PAN coordinator
Tree)• Flexibility Full Function
• Reliability/Range of Device
Reduced Function
Mesh
• Battery Life of Star Device
24 • Design Complexity
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States of operation
Active
Sleep
Devices
Full Function Devices (FFD’s)
Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s)
Modes of operation
Beacon
Non-beacon
Coordinator to Device Device to Coordinator
Beacon Enabled
Mode
Non-Beacon Enabled
Mode
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End developer applications,
designed using application ZA1 ZA2 … ZAn IA1 IAn
profiles
Application interface designed API UDP
using
general profile ZigBee NWK IP
Topology management, MAC
management, routing, discovery 802.2 LLC
protocol, security management MAC
Channel access, PAN maintenance,
reliable data transport IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY
Transmission & reception on the
physical radio channel
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CSMA-CA
PC And Peripherals
Desktop PCs and Home Entertainment Systems (Home
Theatre TV)
Computer peripherals;
HID devices
Video conference equipment
Remote control
Video gaming equipment
Multi-player PC & video games
Remote controls for audio and video equipment
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Human Input Devices (HID)
• Keyboard
• Mouse / Pointing Device
• Remote Controls (controls for audio & video equipment)
• Gaming device
• Double Joystick
8
TV
Monitors VCR
Sensor Consumer DVD
Industrial &
s Electronics
Automation Commercial CD
Control Remote
PC Peripherals
Mouse
Low Data Rate
Personal Keyboard
Radio Devices
Healthcare Joystick
Gamepad
Monitors
Diagnostic
s
Sensors Home Security
Toys & PETs HVAC
Gameboy Automation
Games Lighting
s
Educational Closures
Optimized for different applications
ZigBee Bluetooth
o Smaller packets over large o Larger packets over small
network network
o Low data rates o High data rates
o Low latency o High latency
o Long range o Small range
o Home automation, toys, o Screen graphics, pictures,
remote controls, etc. hands-free audio, Mobile
phones, headsets, PDAs, etc.
Standard Bandwidth Protocol Stack Stronghold Applications
Size
ZigBee 250kbps 4-32KB Long battery life, Remote control,
low cost battery-operated
products, sensors
Bluetooth 1 Mbps ~100+KB Interoperability, Wireless USB,
cable replacement handset, headset
Wi-Fi Up to 54Mbps 100+KB High data range Internet browsing, PC
networking, file
transfers
Address Different Needs
• ZigBee is better for devices
Where the battery is ‘rarely’
replaced
Targets are :
• Tiny fraction of host power
• New opportunities where
wireless not yet used
WWAN IEEE 802.22
IEEE 802.20
WMAN
WiMax
Ra IEEE 802.16
ng
e WLAN WiFi
ZigBee 802.11
802.15.4 Bluetoot
802.15.3
WPAN 802.15.3a
h 802.15.3c
802.15.1
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Data Rate (Mbps)
ZIGBEE AND BLUETOOTH
• ZigBee targets applications not addressable by Bluetooth or
any other wireless standard
• ZigBee and Bluetooth complement for a broader solution
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Pros Cons
good extension of existing Not many end devices
standards available yet
supported by many companies
Single point of failure
low power consumption (centralized architecture)
low cost
easy implemented (Designer
concentrates on end application)
flexible network structure
Thank you
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