BY :- KARTHIK PRASAD

(1NT07EE025)
 Zigbee is the global wireless language connecting
dramatically different devices to work together and enhance
everyday
• Cost
-Low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in
wireless control and monitoring applications

•Ease of Deployment
-Mesh networking provides high reliability and more extensive
range.

•Multi-source Products
–Not betting on a single company

•Battery Operation
– Low power-usage allows longer life with smaller batteries.
Origin of ZigBee name
The name of the brand is originated with reference to the
behavior of honey bees after their return to the beehive
 ZigBee-style networks began to be conceived around 1998,
when many installers realized that both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
were going to be unsuitable

 The ZigBee specifications were ratified on 14 December 2004

 ZigBee Alliance announces public availability of Specification

1.0 on 13 June 2005, known as ZigBee 2004 Specification.

 During the last quarter of 2007, ZigBee PRO, the enhanced

ZigBee specification was finalized
 Low power (battery life multi-month to years)

 Multiple topologies: star, peer-to-peer, mesh

 Addressing space of up to:

- 18,450,000,000,000,000,000 devices (64 bit IEEE address)
- 65,535 networks

 Optional guaranteed time slot for applications requiring low

latency

 Fully hand- shaked protocol for transfer reliability

 Range: 50m typical (5-500m based on environment)

 Operates in Unlicensed Bands

 ISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbps

 868 MHz European Band at 20kbps

 915 MHz North American Band at 40kbps

 Designed for wireless controls and sensors

 Operates in Personal Area Networks (PAN’s) and device-to-

device networks

 Connectivity between small packet devices

 Control of lights, switches, thermostats, appliances, etc.

 Engineers feel Wi-Fi and Bluetooth may be unsuitable. This
spawned the idea of digital radio networks via direct-
sequence spread spectrum coding.

 ZigBee-compliant radios may operate on one of three

different radio bands: the 800 MHz, 900 MHz, or 2.4 GHz
frequencies.

 Follows the internationally recognized radio standard for the

MAC and PHY Layer.
 • Allows users to balance system cost, reliability & battery life

Mesh
• Reliability
• Extended Range
• No Battery Life
• Routing
Complexity

Star
• Simplicity
• Low Cost
• Long Battery Life
• Single Point of
Failure
Hybrid (Cluster PAN coordinator
Tree)• Flexibility Full Function
• Reliability/Range of Device
Reduced Function
Mesh
• Battery Life of Star Device
24 • Design Complexity
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27
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 States of operation
 Active
 Sleep

 Devices
 Full Function Devices (FFD’s)
 Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s)

 Modes of operation
 Beacon
 Non-beacon
 Coordinator to Device Device to Coordinator

Beacon Enabled
Mode

Non-Beacon Enabled
Mode

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 End developer applications,
designed using application ZA1 ZA2 … ZAn IA1 IAn
profiles
Application interface designed API UDP
using
general profile ZigBee NWK IP
Topology management, MAC
management, routing, discovery 802.2 LLC
protocol, security management MAC
Channel access, PAN maintenance,
reliable data transport IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY

Transmission & reception on the
physical radio channel
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CSMA-CA
 PC And Peripherals
 Desktop PCs and Home Entertainment Systems (Home
Theatre TV)

 Computer peripherals;

 HID devices

 Video conference equipment

 Remote control

 Video gaming equipment

 Multi-player PC & video games

 Remote controls for audio and video equipment

7
 Human Input Devices (HID)

• Keyboard

• Mouse / Pointing Device

• Remote Controls (controls for audio & video equipment)

• Gaming device

• Double Joystick

8
  TV
 Monitors  VCR
 Sensor Consumer  DVD
Industrial &
s Electronics
 Automation Commercial  CD
 Control  Remote

PC Peripherals

 Mouse
Low Data Rate
Personal  Keyboard
Radio Devices
Healthcare  Joystick
 Gamepad

 Monitors
 Diagnostic
s
 Sensors Home  Security
Toys &  PETs  HVAC
 Gameboy Automation
Games  Lighting
 s
Educational  Closures
 Optimized for different applications
ZigBee Bluetooth

o Smaller packets over large o Larger packets over small

network network
o Low data rates o High data rates
o Low latency o High latency
o Long range o Small range
o Home automation, toys, o Screen graphics, pictures,
remote controls, etc. hands-free audio, Mobile
phones, headsets, PDAs, etc.
Standard Bandwidth Protocol Stack Stronghold Applications
Size

ZigBee 250kbps 4-32KB Long battery life, Remote control,

low cost battery-operated
products, sensors

Bluetooth 1 Mbps ~100+KB Interoperability, Wireless USB,

cable replacement handset, headset

Wi-Fi Up to 54Mbps 100+KB High data range Internet browsing, PC

networking, file
transfers
 Address Different Needs
• ZigBee is better for devices
Where the battery is ‘rarely’
replaced

Targets are :

• Tiny fraction of host power

• New opportunities where

wireless not yet used
 WWAN IEEE 802.22

IEEE 802.20
WMAN
WiMax
Ra IEEE 802.16
ng
e WLAN WiFi
ZigBee 802.11
802.15.4 Bluetoot
802.15.3
WPAN 802.15.3a
h 802.15.3c
802.15.1
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Data Rate (Mbps)
 ZIGBEE AND BLUETOOTH

• ZigBee targets applications not addressable by Bluetooth or

any other wireless standard

• ZigBee and Bluetooth complement for a broader solution

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Pros Cons

good extension of existing  Not many end devices

standards available yet
supported by many companies

 Single point of failure

low power consumption (centralized architecture)

low cost

easy implemented (Designer

concentrates on end application)

flexible network structure

 Thank you

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