1. Probability is a measure of how likely an event is to occur, ranging from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). It is calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total possible outcomes.
2. Examples of calculating probability include determining the likelihood of rolling a 1 on a standard 6-sided die (1/6), flipping a coin and getting heads (1/2), or drawing the Ace of Hearts from a standard 52-card deck (1/52).
3. Common probability experiments involve coins, dice, cards, marbles in jars, and more. The sample space consists of all possible outcomes, and the probability of an event is the number of favorable outcomes divided by
1. Probability is a measure of how likely an event is to occur, ranging from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). It is calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total possible outcomes.
2. Examples of calculating probability include determining the likelihood of rolling a 1 on a standard 6-sided die (1/6), flipping a coin and getting heads (1/2), or drawing the Ace of Hearts from a standard 52-card deck (1/52).
3. Common probability experiments involve coins, dice, cards, marbles in jars, and more. The sample space consists of all possible outcomes, and the probability of an event is the number of favorable outcomes divided by
1. Probability is a measure of how likely an event is to occur, ranging from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). It is calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total possible outcomes.
2. Examples of calculating probability include determining the likelihood of rolling a 1 on a standard 6-sided die (1/6), flipping a coin and getting heads (1/2), or drawing the Ace of Hearts from a standard 52-card deck (1/52).
3. Common probability experiments involve coins, dice, cards, marbles in jars, and more. The sample space consists of all possible outcomes, and the probability of an event is the number of favorable outcomes divided by
1. Probability is a measure of how likely an event is to occur, ranging from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). It is calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total possible outcomes.
2. Examples of calculating probability include determining the likelihood of rolling a 1 on a standard 6-sided die (1/6), flipping a coin and getting heads (1/2), or drawing the Ace of Hearts from a standard 52-card deck (1/52).
3. Common probability experiments involve coins, dice, cards, marbles in jars, and more. The sample space consists of all possible outcomes, and the probability of an event is the number of favorable outcomes divided by
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 11
1
Mathematics in the Modern World
PROBABILITY JERVYN E. GUIANAN What is Probability? 1
Whenever we’re unsure about the outcome of an event, we
can talk about the probabilities of certain outcomes—how likely they are. The analysis of events governed by probability is called statistics. Sometimes we can measure a probability with a number like "10% chance", or we can use words such as impossible, unlikely, possible, even chance, likely and certain. Example 2
As a number, probability is from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain).
Imposible Certainly
Even Chance
0 1 Finding the Probability of an Event 3
In what follows, S is the sample space of the experiment in question and E is
the event of interest. n(S) is the number of elements in the sample space S and n(E) is the number of elements in the event E. 1. Let us first write the sample space S 2. Let E be the event "an even number n(E) is obtained" P(E) = n(S) 1 What’s the probability of the coin 4 landing on Heads? COIN 2 There are two possible outcomes—heads or tails. Therefore the Sample Space is 2
3 the probability of the coin landing on
Heads. Therefore the Event is 1 n(E) Probability (H) = n(S) 1 Probability (H) = 2
Probability (H) = 50%
5 1 There are six different outcomes. DICE 2 What’s the probability of rolling a one? 1 3 Probability = 6
4 What’s the probability of rolling a one or a six?
2 1 5 Probability = = 6 3 There are 52 cards in a deck (not CARDS 1 6 including Jokers)
2 So the Sample Space is all 52 possible
cards: {Ace of Hearts, 2 of Hearts, etc... } 3 Find the probability of getting the Ace of Hearts when drawn from the pack of 52 cards. 1 4 Probability = 52
5 Probability = 1.92% 1 Suppose we have a jar with 3 red 7 marbles and 2 green marbles, and we MARBLES want to find the probability of drawing a red marble at random.
2 Favorable outcome is drawing a red
marble. Therefore E = 3 3 The Sample Space consists of all the marbles in the jar. Therefore S = 5
Probability = n(E) = 3 n(S) 5
Probability = 60% EXAMPLE 8
A coin is thrown 2 times .What
is the probability that at least one head is obtained? Sol: Sample Space = [HH, HT, TH, TT,] Total number of ways = 2 × 2 = 4 Favorable Cases = 3 3 P = 4 9 1 A die is rolled, find the probability that the number obtained is greater than 4. 2 Two coins are tossed, find the EXERCISE probability that one head only is obtained. 3 Two dice are rolled, find the probability that the sum is equal to 5. 4 A card is drawn at random from a deck of cards. Find the probability of getting the King of heart. SHORT QUIZ 10
1 A die is rolled, find the probability that an even 7 What is the probability of getting a sum of 7 number is obtained. when two dice are thrown? 2 Two coins are tossed, find the probability that 8 A jar contains 8 red, 4 yellow, and 6 green two heads are obtained. marbles. If a marble is drawn from the jar at random, what is the probability that this marble is 3 Which of these numbers cannot be a yellow? probability? 9 A jar contains 3 red, 7 green and 10 white a) -0.00001 b) 0.5 c) 1.001 d) 0 e) 1 f) marbles. If a marble is drawn from the jar at random, what is the probability that this marble 20% is white? 4 A coin is thrown 3 times .What is the 10 What is the probability of getting a sum of 7 probability that at least one head is obtained? when two dice are thrown? 5 Find the probability of getting a numbered card when a card is drawn from the pack of 52 cards. 11 The blood groups of 200 people is distributed as follows: 50 have type A blood, 65 have B blood 6 Find the probability of getting a face card when type, 70 have O blood type and 15 have a card is drawn from the pack of 52 cards. type AB blood. If a person from this group is selected at random, what is the probability that this person has O blood type?
