CSE 3205: Microprocessor and
Assembly Language
Marjia Sultana
Lecturer
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur
Schedule
• Started from 31.07.2019
- Class Every Week
Monday at 11:00 am-12:20 am
Wednesday at 11:00 pm -12:20 pm
NB: Schedule may subject to change
Grading Policy
In-course/Quizzes/Class Tests= 10%
Class Attendance= 5%
Assignment and Presentation/Class Performance=10%
Mid-term=25%
Final Examination=50%
Total=100 %
Books Recommended
1. Microprocessors and Interfacing, Mc GrawHill
1987 by D.V. Hall
2. Microprocessor and Microcomputer Based
System Design by Rafiquzzaman
Lecture 1: Introduction
Chapter 01: Introduction to Microprocessor
Topics for Today
• Concept of Microprocessor
• Functions of Microprocessor
• Microprocessor Characteristics
Concept of Microprocessor
• The microprocessor is one of the most important components of a
digital computer.
• It acts as the brain of the computer system.
• As technology has progressed, microprocessors have become faster,
smaller and capable of doing more work per clock cycle.
Concept of Microprocessor
• Definition:
Microprocessor is the controlling unit or CPU of a micro-computer,
fabricated on a very small chip capable of performing ALU operations
and communicating with the external devices connected to it.
Concept of Microprocessor
Microprocessor:
• The central processing unit built on a single IC is called
Microprocessor.
• A microprocessor (sometimes abbreviated as μP) is a digital electronic
component with miniaturized transistors on a single semiconductor
integrated circuit (IC).
• One or more microprocessors typically serve as a central processing
unit (CPU) in a computer system or handheld device.
Concept of Microprocessor
A Micro-Computer
• As the name implies, microcomputers are small computers.
• The block diagram of the microcomputer is similar to the computer except that
the central processing unit of the microcomputer is contained in a single IC called
the microprocessor.
Microprocessor
Input Unit (ALU+ Register Output Unit
array+ control unit)
Memory
Concept of Microprocessor
Microcomputer:
• A digital computer, in which one microprocessor has been provided to
act as a CPU, is called Microcomputer.
• A desktop computer, laptop, notebook, palmtop, etc. contain one
microprocessor to act as a CPU and hence they come under the
category of microcomputer.
• The term microcomputer is generally synonymous with personal
computer.
Concept of Microprocessor
Multiprocessor System:
• The CPU of a large powerful digital computer contains more than one
microprocessor.
• High-end powerful servers, mainframe computers, supercomputers,
etc. contain more than one microprocessor to act as CPU.
• A computer whose CPU contains more than one microprocessor is
called Multiprocessor System.
Concept of Microprocessor
Microcontroller:
• A highly integrated chip that contains all the components such as
CPU, RAM, some form of ROM, I/O ports, and timers is called
Microcontroller.
• Unlike a general-purpose computer, which also includes all of these
components, a microcontroller is designed for a very specific task to
control a particular system.
Functions of a Microprocessor
• The processor first fetches and instruction from the main memory.
• The instruction is then decoded to determine what action is required to
be done.
• Based on instruction the processor fetches, if required, data from main
memory or I/O module.
• The instruction is then executed which may require performing arithmetic
or logical operations on data.
• In addition to execution, CPU also supervises and controls/I/O devices.
• Finally, the results of an execution may required transfer of data to
memory or an I/O Module.
Microprocessor Characteristics
Instruction Set: The set of instructions that a microprocessor can
understand.
Bandwidth: The number of bits processed in a single instruction.
Capability: It depends upon the number of instructions and capability
of each instruction.
Microprocessor Characteristics
Clock Speed:
• The clock speed determines the number of operations per second the
processor can perform.
• Clock speeds are expressed in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).
• It is also called Clock Rate.
Microprocessor Characteristics
Word Length:
• It depends upon the width of internal data bus, registers, ALU etc.
• An 8-bit microprocessor can process 8 bit data at a time.
• The word length ranges from 4 bits for small microprocessor, to 64
bits for high-end microcomputers.
Microprocessor Characteristics
Width of Data Bus: This is the size of the data bus. It defines the
number of bits that can be transferred through data bus.
Width of Address Bus: This parameter decides the memory addressing
capability of the microprocessor. The maximum size of the memory unit
is decided by this parameter.
Microprocessor Characteristics
Input/output Addressing Capability:
The maximum number of the input/output ports accessed by the
microprocessor depends upon the width of the input/output address
provided in the input/output instruction.
Microprocessor Characteristics
Data Types: The microprocessor handles various types of data formats
like binary, BCD, ASCII, signed and unsigned numbers.
Interrupt Capability:
• Interrupts are used to handle unpredictable and random events in the
microcomputer.
• It is used to interrupt the microprocessor.
• Interrupt driven input/output improves the throughput of a system.
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