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Lecture 1 - CSE - Microprocessor and Assembly Language

This document provides information about the course CSE 3205: Microprocessor and Assembly Language. It discusses the schedule, grading policy, recommended books, and covers the topic of introduction to microprocessors for the first lecture. The schedule includes class times on Mondays and Wednesdays. The grading policy breaks down the assessment into various components and their weights. The first lecture introduces concepts of microprocessors including their functions and characteristics such as instruction set, clock speed, word length, and interrupt capability.

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67 views

Lecture 1 - CSE - Microprocessor and Assembly Language

This document provides information about the course CSE 3205: Microprocessor and Assembly Language. It discusses the schedule, grading policy, recommended books, and covers the topic of introduction to microprocessors for the first lecture. The schedule includes class times on Mondays and Wednesdays. The grading policy breaks down the assessment into various components and their weights. The first lecture introduces concepts of microprocessors including their functions and characteristics such as instruction set, clock speed, word length, and interrupt capability.

Uploaded by

faridul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSE 3205: Microprocessor and

Assembly Language
Marjia Sultana
Lecturer
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur
Schedule
• Started from 31.07.2019
- Class Every Week
Monday at 11:00 am-12:20 am
Wednesday at 11:00 pm -12:20 pm

NB: Schedule may subject to change


Grading Policy
In-course/Quizzes/Class Tests= 10%
Class Attendance= 5%
Assignment and Presentation/Class Performance=10%
Mid-term=25%
Final Examination=50%
Total=100 %
Books Recommended

1. Microprocessors and Interfacing, Mc GrawHill


1987 by D.V. Hall
2. Microprocessor and Microcomputer Based
System Design by Rafiquzzaman
Lecture 1: Introduction

Chapter 01: Introduction to Microprocessor


Topics for Today
• Concept of Microprocessor
• Functions of Microprocessor
• Microprocessor Characteristics
Concept of Microprocessor
• The microprocessor is one of the most important components of a
digital computer.

• It acts as the brain of the computer system.

• As technology has progressed, microprocessors have become faster,


smaller and capable of doing more work per clock cycle.
Concept of Microprocessor
• Definition:

Microprocessor is the controlling unit or CPU of a micro-computer,


fabricated on a very small chip capable of performing ALU operations
and communicating with the external devices connected to it.
Concept of Microprocessor

Microprocessor:
• The central processing unit built on a single IC is called
Microprocessor.
• A microprocessor (sometimes abbreviated as μP) is a digital electronic
component with miniaturized transistors on a single semiconductor
integrated circuit (IC).
• One or more microprocessors typically serve as a central processing
unit (CPU) in a computer system or handheld device.
Concept of Microprocessor

A Micro-Computer
• As the name implies, microcomputers are small computers.
• The block diagram of the microcomputer is similar to the computer except that
the central processing unit of the microcomputer is contained in a single IC called
the microprocessor.

Microprocessor
Input Unit (ALU+ Register Output Unit
array+ control unit)

Memory
Concept of Microprocessor

Microcomputer:
• A digital computer, in which one microprocessor has been provided to
act as a CPU, is called Microcomputer.
• A desktop computer, laptop, notebook, palmtop, etc. contain one
microprocessor to act as a CPU and hence they come under the
category of microcomputer.
• The term microcomputer is generally synonymous with personal
computer.
Concept of Microprocessor

Multiprocessor System:
• The CPU of a large powerful digital computer contains more than one
microprocessor.
• High-end powerful servers, mainframe computers, supercomputers,
etc. contain more than one microprocessor to act as CPU.
• A computer whose CPU contains more than one microprocessor is
called Multiprocessor System.
Concept of Microprocessor

Microcontroller:
• A highly integrated chip that contains all the components such as
CPU, RAM, some form of ROM, I/O ports, and timers is called
Microcontroller.
• Unlike a general-purpose computer, which also includes all of these
components, a microcontroller is designed for a very specific task to
control a particular system.
Functions of a Microprocessor
• The processor first fetches and instruction from the main memory.
• The instruction is then decoded to determine what action is required to
be done.
• Based on instruction the processor fetches, if required, data from main
memory or I/O module.
• The instruction is then executed which may require performing arithmetic
or logical operations on data.
• In addition to execution, CPU also supervises and controls/I/O devices.
• Finally, the results of an execution may required transfer of data to
memory or an I/O Module.
Microprocessor Characteristics

Instruction Set: The set of instructions that a microprocessor can


understand.
Bandwidth: The number of bits processed in a single instruction.
Capability: It depends upon the number of instructions and capability
of each instruction.
Microprocessor Characteristics

Clock Speed:
• The clock speed determines the number of operations per second the
processor can perform.
• Clock speeds are expressed in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).
• It is also called Clock Rate.
Microprocessor Characteristics

Word Length:
• It depends upon the width of internal data bus, registers, ALU etc.
• An 8-bit microprocessor can process 8 bit data at a time.
• The word length ranges from 4 bits for small microprocessor, to 64
bits for high-end microcomputers.
Microprocessor Characteristics

Width of Data Bus: This is the size of the data bus. It defines the
number of bits that can be transferred through data bus.

Width of Address Bus: This parameter decides the memory addressing


capability of the microprocessor. The maximum size of the memory unit
is decided by this parameter.
Microprocessor Characteristics

Input/output Addressing Capability:


The maximum number of the input/output ports accessed by the
microprocessor depends upon the width of the input/output address
provided in the input/output instruction.
Microprocessor Characteristics

Data Types: The microprocessor handles various types of data formats


like binary, BCD, ASCII, signed and unsigned numbers.
Interrupt Capability:
• Interrupts are used to handle unpredictable and random events in the
microcomputer.
• It is used to interrupt the microprocessor.
• Interrupt driven input/output improves the throughput of a system.
END

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