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    Pathology Week-14

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    taysi tafri
    This document defines infectious diseases and describes the agents that cause them. It discusses how pathogens like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi can infect a host and cause disease. Pathogens may produce toxins, invade and destroy cells, or trigger immune responses. Infectious diseases are classified by duration, location, and timing of infection. Diseases can be transmitted through various routes including air, food/water, body fluids, direct contact, or animal vectors. Reducing transmission involves vaccines, antibiotics, hygiene, vector control, and quarantine.

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    Pathology Week-14

    Uploaded by

    taysi tafri
    36 views9 pages
    This document defines infectious diseases and describes the agents that cause them. It discusses how pathogens like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi can infect a host and cause disease. Pathogens may produce toxins, invade and destroy cells, or trigger immune responses. Infectious diseases are classified by duration, location, and timing of infection. Diseases can be transmitted through various routes including air, food/water, body fluids, direct contact, or animal vectors. Reducing transmission involves vaccines, antibiotics, hygiene, vector control, and quarantine.

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    This document defines infectious diseases and describes the agents that cause them. It discusses how pathogens like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi can infect a host and cause disease. Pathogens may produce toxins, invade and destroy cells, or trigger immune responses. Infectious diseases are classified by duration, location, and timing of infection. Diseases can be transmitted through various routes including air, food/water, body fluids, direct contact, or animal vectors. Reducing transmission involves vaccines, antibiotics, hygiene, vector control, and quarantine.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    36 views9 pages

    Pathology Week-14

    Uploaded by

    taysi tafri
    This document defines infectious diseases and describes the agents that cause them. It discusses how pathogens like bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi can infect a host and cause disease. Pathogens may produce toxins, invade and destroy cells, or trigger immune responses. Infectious diseases are classified by duration, location, and timing of infection. Diseases can be transmitted through various routes including air, food/water, body fluids, direct contact, or animal vectors. Reducing transmission involves vaccines, antibiotics, hygiene, vector control, and quarantine.

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    of 9

    Infectious Diseases

    Infectious Diseases - Definitions


     Disease – a pathological condition of body parts or tissues
    characterized by an identifiable group of signs and symptoms.
    Infectious disease – disease caused by an infectious
     agent such as a bacterium, virus, protozoan, or fungus
    that can be passed on to others.
    Infection – occurs when an infectious agent enters the body
    and begins to reproduce; may or may not lead to disease.

    Pathogen – an infectious agent that causes disease.
    Host – an organism infected by another organism.
     Virulence – the relative ability of an agent to cause rapid and
    severe disease in a host.
    Infectious Disease
    Agents
     Most infectious agents that cause
    disease are microscopic in size and thus,
    are called microbes or microorganisms.
     Different groups of agents that
    cause disease are:
     Bacteria
     Viruses
     Protozoa (Protists)
     Fungi
     Helminths (Animals)
    How Infectious Agents
    Cause Disease
     Production of poisons,
    such as toxins and
    enzymes, that destroy Courtesy of CDC
    Human Immunodeficiency
    cells and tissues. Virus. HIV-1 virions can
    be seen on surface of
     Direct invasion and lymphocytes.

    destruction of host cells.


     Triggering responses from the
    host’s immune system
    leading to disease signs and
    symptoms.
    Phases of Infectious Disease

     Incubation period – time between


    infection and the appearance of signs and
    symptoms.
     Prodromal phase – mild, nonspecific
    symptoms that signal onset of some diseases.
     Clinical phase – a person experiences typical
    signs and symptoms of disease.
     Decline phase - subsidence of symptoms.
     Recovery phase – symptoms have
    disappeared, tissues heal, and the body
    regains strength.
    Robin Cochran-Dirksen (Many slides from BioEdOnline Baylor Christine Herrmann
    PhD)
    Classification of Infectious
    Disease
     By duration
     Acute – develops and runs its course quickly.
     Chronic – develops more slowly and is usually less severe,
    but may persist for a long, indefinite period of time.
    Latent – characterized by periods of no symptoms
    between outbreaks of illness.

    By location
     Local – confined to a specific area of the body.
    Systemic – a generalized illness that infects most of the
     body with pathogens distributed widely in tissues.
    By timing
     Primary – initial infection in a previously healthy person.
     Secondary – infection that occurs in a person weakened by
    a primary infection.
    Transmission of Infectious
    Diseases
     Agents that cause infectious diseases can
    be transmitted in many ways.
     Through the air
     Through contaminated food or water
     Through body fluid
     By direct contact with contaminated
    Aedes aegypti mosquito
    objects Known to transmit
     By animal vectors such Dengue fever

    as insects, birds, bats, etc.


    Reducing the Spread of
    Infectious Diseases
     Vaccines
     Antimicrobial drugs
     Good personal hygiene
    and sanitation
     Protection against mosquitoes
     Quarantine

    Robin Cochran-Dirksen (Many slides from BioEdOnline Baylor Christine Herrmann


    PhD)
    Modes of Disease Transmission

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