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6 Essential Skills For Reading Comprehension

This document discusses 6 essential skills for reading comprehension: 1. Decoding, which is applying letter-sound relationships to pronounce words. Practice and instruction help build this skill. 2. Fluency, or reading with speed, accuracy, and expression, allowing focus on content. Practice reading aloud builds this. 3. Vocabulary, or familiarity with word meanings, which contributes greatly to comprehension. Experiences with language help build vocabulary. 4. Sentence construction and cohesion, understanding how sentences are built and ideas are linked, aids comprehension. Instruction teaches these skills. 5. Reasoning and background knowledge, relating new information to prior knowledge, is important for comprehension. Exposure to experiences builds knowledge

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Mark Vincent Z. Padilla
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221 views16 pages

6 Essential Skills For Reading Comprehension

This document discusses 6 essential skills for reading comprehension: 1. Decoding, which is applying letter-sound relationships to pronounce words. Practice and instruction help build this skill. 2. Fluency, or reading with speed, accuracy, and expression, allowing focus on content. Practice reading aloud builds this. 3. Vocabulary, or familiarity with word meanings, which contributes greatly to comprehension. Experiences with language help build vocabulary. 4. Sentence construction and cohesion, understanding how sentences are built and ideas are linked, aids comprehension. Instruction teaches these skills. 5. Reasoning and background knowledge, relating new information to prior knowledge, is important for comprehension. Exposure to experiences builds knowledge

Uploaded by

Mark Vincent Z. Padilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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6 Essential

Skills for Reading


Comprehension
Reading as a
Complex Process
The ultimate goal of reading is the comprehension, or
understanding what’s been read. The reading process is like
creating meaning from text by making connections between what
is already known (prior learning) and what is in the text.
Successful readers do much more than process information. They
bring their experience and prior learning, both in and out of
school, to their reading in order to construct meaning and develop
new understandings.
1. Decoding
Decoding is the ability to apply your knowledge
of letter-sound relationships, including
knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly
pronounce written words. Understanding these
relationships gives children the ability to
recognize familiar words quickly and to figure
out words they haven't seen before.
What Can Help

The best way to help kids with these skills is


through specific instruction and practice. Kids have to
be taught how to identify and work with sounds. You
can also build phonological awareness at home
through activities like word games and reading to your
child.
History
20th Century the 2nd
philippine Commision
acting as legislative body to
enacted inn appropriation
mesures as annual
expenditures of the
1916 , According to Jones
governemment .
Law , The Philippine set in
two (2) : Philippine Senate
and House of
representative .
1935, The Constitution
establish both policy and
procedure which more
amplified in a series of laws
and executive act over the
years .
2. Fluency
Fluency is the ability to read with speed,
accuracy, and proper expression (Rasinski,
2006). Being a fluent reader allows one to focus
on the content in the reading, rather than
focusing on the decoding of each individual
word. As children become fluent readers, they
are able to interact with text on a higher level.
What Can Help

As with other reading skills, kids need lots of


specific instruction and practice to improve word
recognition.

The main way to help build this skill is through


practice reading books. It’s important to pick out
books that are at the right level of difficulty for
kids.
3. Vocabulary
A vocabulary, also known as a wordstock or word-stock,
is a set of familiar words within a person's language.
Vocabulary plays a fundamental role in the reading
process, and contributes greatly to a reader's
comprehension. A reader cannot understand a text
without knowing what most of the words mean. Students
learn the meanings of most words indirectly, through
everyday experiences with oral and written language.
What Can Help
You can help build your child’s vocabulary by having frequent conversations on a
variety of topics. Try to include new words and ideas. Telling jokes and playing word
games is a fun way to build this skill.

Reading together every day also helps improve vocabulary. When reading aloud, stop
at new words and define them. But also encourage your child to read alone. Even
without hearing a definition of a new word, your child can use context to help figure it
out.

Teachers can help, too. They can carefully choose interesting words to teach and then
give explicit instruction (instruction that is specialized and direct). They can engage
students in conversation. And they can make learning vocabulary fun by playing word
games in class.
4. Sentence Construction and
Cohesion
Understanding how sentences are built might seem like a writing
skill. So might connecting ideas within and between sentences,
which is called cohesion. But these skills are important for reading
comprehension as well.

Knowing how ideas link up at the sentence level helps kids get
meaning from passages and entire texts. It also leads to something
called coherence, or the ability to connect ideas to other ideas in an
overall piece of writing.
What Can Help

Explicit instruction can teach kids the basics of


sentence construction. For example, teachers can work
with students on connecting two or more thoughts,
through both writing and reading.
5. Reasoning and
Background
Knowledge
Most readers relate what they’ve read to what they
know. So it’s important for kids to have background or
prior knowledge about the world when they read. They
also need to be able to “read between the lines” and pull
out meaning even when it’s not literally spelled out.
What Can Help

Your child can build knowledge through reading, conversations, movies and TV
shows, and art. Life experience and hands-on activities also build knowledge.

Expose your child to as much as possible, and talk about what you’ve learned from
experiences you’ve had together and separately. Help your child make connections
between new knowledge and existing knowledge. And ask open-ended questions that
require thinking and explanations.

You can also read a teacher tip on using animated videos to help your child make
inferences.
6. Working Memory
and Attention
These two skills are both part of a group of abilities known as
executive function. They’re different but closely related.

When kids read, attention allows them to take in information


from the text. Working memory allows them to hold on to that
information and use it to gain meaning and build knowledge
from what they’re reading..
What Can Help

There are a number of games and everyday activities that can build
working memory without kids even knowing it.

To help increase your child’s attention, look for reading material that’s
interesting or motivating. For example, some kids may like graphic
novels. Encourage your child to stop and re-read when something isn’t
clear. And demonstrate how you “think aloud” when you read to make
sure what you’re reading makes sense.
Baguhin, Gerlyn

THANK
S!
Ursal, Edgardo

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