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Heredity & Variation

This document discusses heredity and variation through cell division and genetics. It explains that genes located on chromosomes in the nucleus control traits like hair texture. There are two types of cell division - mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis occurs in the body and causes growth, while meiosis in the ovaries and testes produces gametes. Chromosomes are reduced to half during meiosis. Dominant genes override recessive genes when determining traits. Sex is determined by X and Y chromosomes, with males having XY and females having XX. Twins can form when an egg splits after fertilization.

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akma M
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93 views16 pages

Heredity & Variation

This document discusses heredity and variation through cell division and genetics. It explains that genes located on chromosomes in the nucleus control traits like hair texture. There are two types of cell division - mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis occurs in the body and causes growth, while meiosis in the ovaries and testes produces gametes. Chromosomes are reduced to half during meiosis. Dominant genes override recessive genes when determining traits. Sex is determined by X and Y chromosomes, with males having XY and females having XX. Twins can form when an egg splits after fertilization.

Uploaded by

akma M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HEREDITARY & VARIATION

Understanding cell division


• We know that our bodies built from millions
Tues In this cell there is a center of activity
known as the nucleus. There are
chromosomes in the nucleus that contains
genes. Gen, this is the nature of our
control. For example it controls whether our
hair curly or not.
• Genes are genes that carry material genetic
information.
• Gene located in chromosome. If viewed
through a microscope, chromosomes are
structures in the nucleus stranded.
• Humans can grow and reproduce because the cell can
divide. Two types of cell division is Mitosis and
Meiosis. Mitosis occurs in the entire body and cause
each day we grow. The number of chromosomes that
results remain the same as the original genes
[sometimes called the 'master gene']. Meiosis also
occurs in the testes or ovaries to produce sperm or
ovum. Number of chromosomes in sperm is half the
number of cells holding. Human chromosome 23 has a
half from Stem cell chromosomes (46 chromosomes).
Succession characteristics
• Scientists already know that organisms
typically have a pair of chromosomes that
carry a pair of genes. Genes may be different
or the same. There are two types of genes and
gene dominant gene resesif.
• Gene dominant gene is a strong and able to
highlight features in the organism. Resesif
genes are genes that weak. It can not be met if
the features highlight a dominant gene. 
• Recessive gene can only highlight the features if he
came to the same pair recessive genes. Dominant
gene will result in a dominant nature. Based on
several examples of genetic research scientist
dominant nature of human nature is such as wavy
hair and the ability to roll tongue. [the ability to roll
his tongue].Recessive properties are properties
such as hair is straight and can not roll tongue. How
these properties can be handed down from parents
to children?.
• Human cell has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs of
genes). Sperm and ovum that results from
Meiosis only contain only 23 chromosomes. If
the sperm carrying genes that control the
nature of curly hair (dominant) ovum mix that
brings nature hair straight, then the resulting
child will be curly-haired.
• Chromosomes X and Y chromosome known as
the "sex chromosome". This chromosome
determines gender of a person.
Sex determination and the occurrence of
twins
• 22 pairs of choromosomes are known as
autosomes.The largest of the autosomes is referred to
as chromosome 1,the next largest as chromosomes  2,
and so on, down to the smallest autosomes , which are
chromosomes 21 and 22.The 23rd pair of the last two
chromosomes are known as sex chromosomes.Sex
choromosomes are responsible for determining
gender.There are two types of sex chromosomes:
– X chromosomes
– Y chromosomes
Sex determination
Male chromosomes
• The human male will have a genetic make up
of pairs of autosomes and two types of sex
choromosomes X and Y
Female chromosomes
Formation of twins

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