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    Introduction To Computer

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    সায়েম মুহাম্মাদ
    The document provides an introduction to computers including what they are, their types and generations. It defines a computer as an electronic device that processes data according to a set of instructions. It describes the main components of a computer including the CPU and memory. It then discusses the different types of computers like PCs, workstations, mainframes and supercomputers. The generations of computers are also outlined from vacuum tubes to today's integrated circuits. Uses, importance and limitations of computers are briefly covered.

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    Introduction To Computer

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    সায়েম মুহাম্মাদ
    44 views30 pages
    The document provides an introduction to computers including what they are, their types and generations. It defines a computer as an electronic device that processes data according to a set of instructions. It describes the main components of a computer including the CPU and memory. It then discusses the different types of computers like PCs, workstations, mainframes and supercomputers. The generations of computers are also outlined from vacuum tubes to today's integrated circuits. Uses, importance and limitations of computers are briefly covered.

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    Lecture1

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    The document provides an introduction to computers including what they are, their types and generations. It defines a computer as an electronic device that processes data according to a set of instructions. It describes the main components of a computer including the CPU and memory. It then discusses the different types of computers like PCs, workstations, mainframes and supercomputers. The generations of computers are also outlined from vacuum tubes to today's integrated circuits. Uses, importance and limitations of computers are briefly covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    44 views30 pages

    Introduction To Computer

    Uploaded by

    সায়েম মুহাম্মাদ
    The document provides an introduction to computers including what they are, their types and generations. It defines a computer as an electronic device that processes data according to a set of instructions. It describes the main components of a computer including the CPU and memory. It then discusses the different types of computers like PCs, workstations, mainframes and supercomputers. The generations of computers are also outlined from vacuum tubes to today's integrated circuits. Uses, importance and limitations of computers are briefly covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    Introduction to computer

    Topics
    • What is computer
    • Types of computer
    • Generations of computer
    • Uses of computer
    • Importance of computer
    • Limitations of computer
    What is computer
    • A computer is a general purpose device that can be
    programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical
    operations automatically.
    • consists of central processing unit (CPU) and memory.
    • It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
    • It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.
    Computer - an electronic device
    used to process data.

    abcde
    What is Computer
    Functionalities of a computer
    Any digital computer carries out five functions in gross terms:
    • Takes data as input.
    • Stores the data/instructions in its memory and use them when
    required.
    • Processes the data and converts it into useful information.
    • Generates the output
    • Controls all the above four steps.
    Computer System:
    • Hardware - physical parts of the computer
    • Software - instructions to the computer
    • Data - raw facts the computer can manipulate
    • People - also known as users
    Computer Hardware - any part of
    the computer you can touch.
    • Processor
    • Memory
    • Input and Output Devices
    • Storage Devices
    Some types of hardware devices.

    Output
    Processor
    Memory

    Input and
    output Storage
    Input
    System Software:
    • Operating Systems
    • Windows 95
    • Windows 98
    • OS/2
    • Disk Utilities
    Application Software:

    • Word Processing • Entertainment


    • Spreadsheets • Educational
    • Graphics • Communications
    • Databases • Presentation
    Application software and system software
    work together to provide useful output.
    Software brings a computer to life.
    Types of computer
    Computers can be generally classified by size
    and power as follows, though there is
    considerable overlap:
    • Personal computer
    • Workstation
    • Minicomputer
    • Mainframe
    • Supercomputer
    Types of computer
    • PC (Personal Computer)-It is a single user computer system having moderately
    powerful microprocessor
    • WorkStation-It is also a single user computer system which is similar to personal
    computer but have more powerful microprocessor.
    • Mini Computer-It is a midsize multi-processing system capable of supporting up to
    250 users simultaneously.
    • Main Frame-Mainframe is very large in size and is an expensive computer capable
    of supporting hundreds or even thousands of users simultaneously. 
    • Supercomputer-It is an extremely fast computer which can execute hundreds of
    millions of instructions per second.
    PC
    • A PC can be defined as a small, relatively

    inexpensive computer designed for an individual

    user. PCs are based on the microprocessor

    technology that enables manufacturers to put an

    entire CPU on one chip. Businesses use personal

    computers for word processing, accounting,

    desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet

    and database management applications. At

    home, the most popular use for personal

    computers is playing games and surfing Internet.


    Workstation

    • Workstation is a computer used for engineering

    applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing, software

    development, and other such types of applications which

    require a moderate amount of computing power and

    relatively high quality graphics capabilities.

    • Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution

    graphics screen, large amount of RAM, inbuilt network

    support, and a graphical user interface. Most

    workstations also have a mass storage device such as a

    disk drive, but a special type of workstation, called a

    diskless workstation, comes without a disk drive.


    Minicomputer
    • A minicomputer, or colloquially mini, is

    a class of smaller computers that

    developed in the mid-1960s. It uses in

    database management, business

    transactions and various file handling.

    • It is a midsize multi-processing system

    capable of supporting up to 250 users

    simultaneously.
    Mainframe
    • Mainframe is very large in size and

    is an expensive computer capable

    of supporting hundreds or even

    thousands of users simultaneously.

    Mainframe executes many

    programs concurrently and

    supports many simultaneous

    execution of programs
    Super computer
    • Supercomputers are one of the fastest

    computers currently available. Supercomputers

    are very expensive and are employed for

    specialized applications that require immense

    amount of mathematical calculations (number

    crunching). For example, weather forecasting,

    scientific simulations, (animated) graphics,

    nuclear energy research, electronic design, and

    analysis of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical

    prospecting).
    Generations of computer
    • First Generation

    The period of first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube based.

    • Second Generation

    The period of second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor based.

    • Third Generation

    The period of third generation: 1965-1971. Integrated Circuit based.

    • Fourth Generation

    The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI microprocessor based.

    • Fifth Generation

    The period of fifth generation: 1980-onwards. ULSI microprocessor based


    First generation
    Time period: 1946-1959
    • Vacuum tube technology
    • Unreliable
    • Supported machine language only
    • Very costly
    • Generated lot of heat
    • Slow input and output devices
    • Huge size
    • Example: ENIAC,EDVAC,UNIVAC,IBM-
    701,IBM-650
    Second generation
    Time period: 1959-1965

    • Use of transistors

    • Reliable in comparison to first generation computers

    • Smaller size as compared to first generation computers

    • Generated less heat as compared to first generation computers

    • Consumed less electricity as compared to first generation

    computers

    • Faster than first generation computers

    • Example: IBM 1620,IBM 7094,CDC 1604,CDC 3600,UNIVAC 1108


    Third generation
    Time period: 1965-1971
    • IC used
    • More reliable in comparison to
    previous two generations
    • Smaller size
    • Generated less heat
    • Faster
    • Lesser maintenance
    • Example: IBM-360
    series,Honeywell-6000 series
    Fourth generation
    Time period: 1971-1980
    • VLSI technology used
    • Very cheap
    • Portable and reliable
    • Use of PC's
    • Very small size
    • Internet introduced
    • Example: STAR 1000
    ,PDP 11,CRAY-1(Super Computer)
    Fifth generation
    Time period: 1980-till date.
    • ULSI technology
    • Development of true artificial
    intelligence
    • Development of Natural language
    processing
    • Advancement in Parallel Processing
    • More user friendly interfaces with
    multimedia features
    • Availability of very powerful and
    compact computers at cheaper rates
    • Example: Desktop, Laptop,
    Notebook, Ultra Book, Chrome Book
    Uses of computer
    • Bank
    • Health & Medical
    • Education
    • Business
    • Recreation and Entertainment
    • Government
    • Defense etc.
    Importance of computer
    • Works so fast
    • Calculates more appropriate than people
    • No chance of error
    • Reduces number of working people. etc.
    Limitations of computer
    • A computer cannot take any decision on its
    own.
    • It functions as per a user’s instruction, so it is
    fully dependent on human being
    • It can’t do any adjustment as being can do.

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