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Chemical Engineering Plant Design

This document discusses control objectives, variables, and configurations for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems like a flash drum process. It notes that the number of controlled variables equals the number of degrees of freedom (equations minus specified inputs). For a flash drum, there are 4 controlled variables - temperature, pressure, liquid flow rate, and liquid level. The best control loop configuration couples manipulations with direct and fast effects on the corresponding controlled variables and minimizes interaction between loops.

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42 views15 pages

Chemical Engineering Plant Design

This document discusses control objectives, variables, and configurations for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems like a flash drum process. It notes that the number of controlled variables equals the number of degrees of freedom (equations minus specified inputs). For a flash drum, there are 4 controlled variables - temperature, pressure, liquid flow rate, and liquid level. The best control loop configuration couples manipulations with direct and fast effects on the corresponding controlled variables and minimizes interaction between loops.

Uploaded by

mjunaid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemical

Engineering
Plant Design
Dr. M. Azam Saeed
Multiple Input Multiple
Output (MIMO) Systems
 What are the control objectives?
 What output should be measured? 
 What inputs can be measured?
 What manipulated variables should
be used?
 What is the configuration of the
control loop?
Degree of Freedom
Independent variables that must be specified to
define the process completely.
f=V-E
Sources to reduce ‘f’
The external world
The control system
# of controlled variables=f - # of externally
specified inputs
Flash Drum
Degree of Freedom
Modelling equations are;
Total MB:

Component MB:

Heat balance:
Cont’d
Vapour Liquid equilibrimum:

Consistency constraints:
Cont’d
Total # of equations= 2N+3
Total # of variables= 4N+14
Cont’d
# of controlled variables= (2N+7) – (2N+3)
=4
 T and P should be kept constant to
achieve the desired separation.
 For constant production, flow rate of the
liquid feed should be maintained at the
desired value.
 Liquid level should remain within certain
bounds
Control Configurations
For a system with N controlled and N
manipulated variables
# of loop configurations = N!
As N increases, the # of loop configuration
increases very rapidly. e.g.
Control Configurations
2 manipulated and 2 controlled variables
system
Coupling guidlines
Choose the manipulation that has a direct and
fast effect on a controlled variable.
Choose the couplings so that there is a little
dead time between every manipulation and
corresponding controlled variables.
Select the couplings so that the interatction of
the control loops is minimal.
For Flash drum, the # of control loops
configuration are
4! = 24
Best Control Loop
Configuration
Incompatible Control Loop
Configuration
Compatible Control Loop
Configuration

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