Science, Technology & Society in The 20 Century: Prepared By: Sheena M. Rosita

SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY &
SOCIETY IN THE
20 TH CENTURY
Prepared by: Sheena M. Rosita

REMARKABLE
INVENTION THAT HAD
MAJOR IMPACT ON
HUMAN BEING
1. THE AIRPLANE/ AEROPLANE
was invented by the Wright brothers, Wilbur and

Orville
It is a powered, fixed–wing aircraft that is
propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine or
propeller.
The extensive uses of airplanes include
recreation, transportation of goods and people,
military and research.
It had a presence in all major battles of World
War II.
The first jet aircraft was the German Heinkel He
178 in 1939.
The first jet airliner, the de Havilland Comet.
The Boeing 707, the first widely successful
commercial jet.
2. COMPUTERS
It is an electronic machine that accepts
information, stores it, processes it
according to the instructions provided
by a user and then returns the result.
Today it have become part of our
everyday activities.
 Charles Babbage - referred to as “the father of computers”,
conceived an analytical engine in 1830 which could be
programmed with punched cards to carry out calculations
 Konrad Zuse – built the very first electronic computers in
Germany in the period 1935 to 1941. Zuse is often regarded
as the “inventor of the computer”
 Z3 – was the first working, programmable and fully
automatic digital computer.
COLOSSUS AND ENIAC
The British built the Colossus and the Americans built

the Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and
Computer (ENIAC) between 1943 and 1945. Both of
them relied heavily on vacuum tubes, which can act
as an electronic switch that can be turned on or off
much faster than mechanical switches.
2. COMPUTERS
 Computer systems using vacuum tubes are considered
the first generation of computers.
 Computer systems using transistors are considered the
second generation of computers.
 Computer systems using integrated circuit are
considered the third generation of computers.
 Computer systems using microprocessors are
considered the fourth generation of computers.
SOME OF THE HIGHLIGHTED
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER
 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak introduce Apple Computers on April
Fool’s Day and roll out the Apple I, the first computer with a single-
circuit board in 1976.
 The first IBM personal computer, code-named “Acorn” was
introduced. It uses Microsoft’s MS-DOS operating system. It has an
Intel chip, two floppy disks and an optional color monitor in 1981.
 The first dot-com domain name was registered on March 15, years
before the World Wide Web would mark the formal beginning og
Internet history in 1985.
 Tim Berners-Lee, a researcher at CERN, the high-energy physics
laboratory in Geneva, develops HyperText Markup Language (HTML),
giving rise to WWW in 1990.
 The Pentium microprocessor advances the use of graphics and music on
PCs on 1993.
 PCs became gaming machines as “Command & Conquer,” “Alone in the Dark
2,” “Theme Park,” “Magic Carpet,” “Descent” and “Little Big Adventure” were
among the games to hit the market in 1994.
 The term Wi-Fi becomes part of the computing language and users begin
connecting to the Internet without wires in 1999.
 Apple unveils the Mac OS X operating system, which provides protected
memory architecture and pre-emptive multi-tasking, among other benefits in
2001.
 Mozilla’s Firefox 1.0 challenges Microsoft’s Internet Explorer, the dominant
Web browser . Facebook, a social networking site, launches in 2004.
 YouTube, a video sharing service, is founded. Google acquires Android, a Linux-
based mobile phone operating system in 2005.
 Apple introduces the MacBook Pro, its first Intel-based, dual core mobile
computer, as well as an Intel-based iMac. Nintendo’s Wii game console hits the
market in 2006.
 The iPhone brings many computer functions to the smartphone in 2007.
 Google releases the Chromebook, a laptop that runs the Google Chrome OS in
2011.
 Facebook gains 1 billion users on October 4, 2012.
 The first reprogrammable quantum computer was created in 2016.
 The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is developing a new
“Molecular Informatics” program that uses molecules as computers (2017).
3. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
 It is a non-invasive medical test that physicians use to

diagnose medical conditions.
 It uses a powerful magnetic field, radio waves or pulses
and a computer to produce detailed pictures of the inside of
your body such as organs, soft tissues, bone and virtually
all other internal body structures.
4. THE INTERNET
It was the work of dozens of pioneering

scientists, programmers and engineers
who each developed new features and
technologies that eventually merged to
become the “information superhighway”
we know today
5. OPTICAL FIBER
 It is preferred over electrical cabling when high
bandwidth, long distance, or immunity to electro magnetic
interference, it has large advantages over existing copper
wire in long-distance, high-demand applications.
 It is used by many telecommunications companies to
transmit telephone signals, Internet communication, and
cable television signals.
 Today, fiber is present in virtually every nation on the
Earth, forming the absolute strength of the modern
communications infrastructure.
6. AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
 Primitive air-conditioning systems have existed since ancient

times.
 Attempts to control indoor temperature began in ancient Rome,
where wealthy citizens took advantage of the remarkable
aqueduct system to circulate cool water through the walls of
their homes.
7. GENE THERAPY
 It attempts to treat genetic diseases at the molecular
level by correcting what is wrong with defective genes.
 It relies on finding a dependable delivery system to
carry the correct gene to the affected cells. The gene
must be delivered inside the target cells and work
properly without causing adverse effects.
 Fatty molecules known as liposomes may also be
used as can micropipettes, sometimes called “gene
guns” to insert genes into cells physically.
ADA: THE FIRST GENE
THERAPY TRIAL
A four-year old girl became the first gene therapy

patient on September 14, 1990 at the NIH Clinical
Center. She has adenosine deaminase (ADA)
deficiency, a genetic disease which leaves her
defenseless against infections.
8. 3D METAL PRINTING
It is one the advances in the

technology that provide instant metal
fabrication.
9. ARTIFICIAL EMBRYOS
Artificial Embryos are made from stem cells alone without

using egg or sperm cells. It is a breakthrough that will open
new possibilities for understanding how life comes into
existence – but clearly also raises vital ethical and even
philosophical problems.
10. CELL-FREE FETAL DNA
TESTING
These tests require an acquisition of cells that are quite

invasive for the unborn baby. The test brought risk of
miscarriage and increased stress for pregnant mothers. With
medical advances, it is now possible for doctors to test cell-
free fetal DNA by using the mother’s blood.
11. CANCER NANOTHERAPY
 Nano devices and technology are already in wide use, and

as the years pass, the technology in pharmaceuticals and
medicine will only continue to improve.
 One of which is an emerging cancer treatment technology
that implements nanomaterials in a more aggressive
method.
Thank you 

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SCIENCE,

Prepared by: Sheena M. Rosita

was invented by the Wright brothers, Wilbur and

The British built the Colossus and the Americans built

 It is a non-invasive medical test that physicians use to

It was the work of dozens of pioneering

 Primitive air-conditioning systems have existed since ancient

A four-year old girl became the first gene therapy

It is one the advances in the

Artificial Embryos are made from stem cells alone without

These tests require an acquisition of cells that are quite

 Nano devices and technology are already in wide use, and

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