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    Principles of Takeoff Performance (U)

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    AmirAli Mohebbi
    Takeoff performance involves balancing safety and profitability by determining the maximum allowable takeoff weight based on field length limits, climb requirements, and obstacle clearance. Key takeoff speeds and distances include accelerate-stop distance, engine-out takeoff distance, and ensuring the aircraft reaches 35 feet above the runway by V2 speed. Field length can be extended through the use of clearways and stopways, but performance is most limited during the critical second climb segment. Special conditions like wet runways may further impact takeoff performance calculations.

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    Principles of Takeoff Performance (U)

    Uploaded by

    AmirAli Mohebbi
    81 views19 pages
    Takeoff performance involves balancing safety and profitability by determining the maximum allowable takeoff weight based on field length limits, climb requirements, and obstacle clearance. Key takeoff speeds and distances include accelerate-stop distance, engine-out takeoff distance, and ensuring the aircraft reaches 35 feet above the runway by V2 speed. Field length can be extended through the use of clearways and stopways, but performance is most limited during the critical second climb segment. Special conditions like wet runways may further impact takeoff performance calculations.

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    PRINCIPLES OF TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE(U)

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    Takeoff performance involves balancing safety and profitability by determining the maximum allowable takeoff weight based on field length limits, climb requirements, and obstacle clearance. Key takeoff speeds and distances include accelerate-stop distance, engine-out takeoff distance, and ensuring the aircraft reaches 35 feet above the runway by V2 speed. Field length can be extended through the use of clearways and stopways, but performance is most limited during the critical second climb segment. Special conditions like wet runways may further impact takeoff performance calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    81 views19 pages

    Principles of Takeoff Performance (U)

    Uploaded by

    AmirAli Mohebbi
    Takeoff performance involves balancing safety and profitability by determining the maximum allowable takeoff weight based on field length limits, climb requirements, and obstacle clearance. Key takeoff speeds and distances include accelerate-stop distance, engine-out takeoff distance, and ensuring the aircraft reaches 35 feet above the runway by V2 speed. Field length can be extended through the use of clearways and stopways, but performance is most limited during the critical second climb segment. Special conditions like wet runways may further impact takeoff performance calculations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that takeoff performance aims to balance safety and profitability for airlines by determining factors like maximum allowable takeoff weight, takeoff speeds and thrust. It also considers limitations like field length, climb requirements and obstacle clearance.

    The different phases of a takeoff are the takeoff phase from brake release up to 1500 feet above runway level, which includes determining speeds, weights and settings, and the takeoff flight path which has different climb segments.

    The basic takeoff limitations include field length, climb requirements, obstacle clearance after engine failure, maximum tire speed and brake energy. Field length is subject to all-engine and engine failure takeoff distances as well as accelerate-stop distance.

    PRINCIPLES OF

    TAKEOFF PERFORMANCE

    BY “RANGER” LIOU
    Principals of Take-off Performance

    • Takeoff performance is the way to find the


    balance between Safety and Profit for airlines.
    • OPT
    • RAM
    • Used only for specific operating airports by
    EVA.
    Takeoff Phase
    • Start from brake release, up to 1,500 feet
    above runway level
    • Whole procedure includes determination of
    maximum allowable takeoff weight, takeoff
    thrust, takeoff speeds, trim unit and flap
    setting
    • Exceeding the MATOW requires a reduction in
    the actual takeoff weight.
    Basic Takeoff Limitations
    • Field Length
    • Climb Requirements
    • Obstacle clearance after engine failure
    • Max tire speed
    • Max brake energy
    Obstacle is limiting
    Field Length
    • The field length limit is subject to all engine
    takeoff distance, engine failure takeoff
    distance (in GO case), or accelerate stop
    distance (in NO GO case)
    • Safely stop with event below V1 speed
    • Safely continue takeoff to 35 feet above
    runway with engine failure above V1
    Takeoff Speed
    V1 <
    =
    V R V2
    VMCG VEF< VMU VLOF
     <
    = >
    =
    V1 < V MCA <
    =V
    =V
    2
    MBE

    VMCG: Minimum Control Speed on the Ground.


    VEF: Critical Engine Failure Speed.
    V1: Takeoff Action Speed.
    VR: Rotation Speed.
    VMBE: Maximum Brake Energy Speed.
    VMU: Minimun unstick speed
    VLOF:Liftoff Speed
    V2: Takeoff Safety Speed.
    VMCA: Minimum Control Speed in the Air
    End of Runway
    • Need to be at V2 speed
    • Aircraft needs to be 35 feet above runway
    • 15 feet above end of wet runway
    Definitions
    • All Engine Takeoff Distance Brake release to
    35 feet above the end of runway plus 15%
    • One engine inop takeoff distance Brake
    release to 35 feet above end of runway
    • Accelerate Stop Distance Brake release to V1
    then max brake to end of runway
    • Balanced Field Length is when accelerate stop
    is the same distance as Engine-Out Takeoff
    Takeoff Distance
    All-Engine Take-off Distance
    0.15D
    D
     35FT
    all engine take-off distance

    Engine-Failure Take-off Distance


    VEF V1
    All engine acceleration 1Eng.lnop.Accel.


    transition

    35FT
    Engine failure at VEF

    engine failure take-off distance


    Field Length Limits
    • Balanced V1/Field Length
    • Takeoff with balanced V1 makes the engine
    failure takeoff distance equal to accelerate
    stop distance
    • Used runway length
    • Takeoff speeds given in AOM are based on
    balanced V1
    V1 balanced

    E/O Take-off Distance=Accelerate Stop Distance
    Unbalanced field length
    • The selected V1 is slower than balanced V1,
    and takeoff weight is gained to be heavier
    than in balanced condition.
    Unbalanced field length
    • The selected V1 is faster than balanced V1,
    and takeoff weight is also gained to be heavier
    than in balanced condition
    Clearway

    • Area beyond liftoff end of runway


    • Designed to allow aircraft to reach 35 feet at a
    later point, past the end of the runway
    • Clearway is not allowed to be used on wet
    runway. Aircraft must cross end of runway at 15
    feet.
    Stopway

    • As wide as runway
    • Designed for stopping without damage to
    aircraft
    • Can support weight of aircraft
    • Allowed to be used for calculating accelerate
    stop distance
    Required Runway Length
    • Varies a lot based on V1 decision speed
    • Engine out takeoff distance
    • Higher V1 requires less runway
    • Lower V1 requires more runway
    • Accelerate Stop Distance (opposite)
    • Higher V1 requires more runway
    • Lower V1 requires less runway
    Takeoff Flight Path

    Take off Path

    Take off Flight Path


    Final
    Third Segment Segment
    First Second 1500FT
    Segment Segment or acceleration phase

    Engine Failure
    at VEF

     35FT
    Climb segments
    • 1st from 35 feet above runway leve until gear
    retraction
    • 2nd from gears up, and completes when
    aircraft reaching acceleration height,
    minimum 400 feet above runway level
    • 3rd completes when aircraft is in en-route
    configuration (with gear up, flap up and in
    final climb speed). The aircraft is at least in
    level acceleration
    • Final from flaps retracted until 1500 ft
    Climb Notes

    • 2nd is usually most limiting


    • 3rd is determined by
    • Company policy
    • FAR minimum level off flight
    • T/O Thrust time limit
    • Obstacles
    Special Conditions
    • Wet Runway
    • Slippery Runway
    • Contaminated Runway
    • System Abnormal (anti-skid, brake inop)
    • Noise Abatement

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