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Lecture 2 - Process Diagrams

Chemical process diagrams like block flow diagrams (BFD), process flow diagrams (PFD), and piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID) are essential for communicating information about a chemical process. These diagrams provide high-level overviews down to increasingly specific technical details. Adhering to standards is important to avoid confusion. Three-dimensional plant layout diagrams most clearly convey equipment layout and spatial relationships.

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187 views61 pages

Lecture 2 - Process Diagrams

Chemical process diagrams like block flow diagrams (BFD), process flow diagrams (PFD), and piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID) are essential for communicating information about a chemical process. These diagrams provide high-level overviews down to increasingly specific technical details. Adhering to standards is important to avoid confusion. Three-dimensional plant layout diagrams most clearly convey equipment layout and spatial relationships.

Uploaded by

Abdul Rehman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemical Engineering Plant Design

Chemical Process Diagrams

Engr. Dr. Farhan Javed


Lecturer
Chemical Engineering Department
UET FSD Campus

1
The most effective
way of communicating
information about a
process is through the
use of flow diagrams.
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The Block Flow Process Diagram
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Classification of BFD
• Block Flow Process
Diagram
o Similar to sketches in
material and energy
balances
• Block Flow Plant
Diagram
o Gives a general view
of a large complex
plant
The Block Flow Plant Diagram
Hydrodealkylation of Toluene
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Symbols for Stream
Identification

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Standard Symbols

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Hydrodealkylation of Toluene
Production of Allyl Chloride
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Equipment Numbering
• XX-YZZ A/B/…
o XX represents a 1- or 2-letter designation for the
equipment (P = pump)
o Y is the 1 or 2 digit unit number (1-99)
o ZZ designates equipment number of unit (1-99)
o A/B/… represents presence of spare equipment
Equipment Numbering
(cont)
• T-905 is the 5th tower in unit nine hundred
• P-301 A/B is the 1st Pump in unit three hundred plus
a spare

• Use unambiguous letters for new equipment


o Ex. Turbine use Tb or J not T (used for tower)
o Replace old vessel V-302 with a new one of
different design - use V-319 (e.g.) not V-302 –
since it may be confused with original V-302
Equipment Numbering(cont)
Stream Numbering &
Drawing
• Number streams left to right when possible
• Horizontal lines are dominant

yes no no
Stream Numbering & Drawing (cont)
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Stream Numbering & Drawing (cont)
Stream Information - Flags
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Line/Signal symbols
Basic Control Loops
• Often the basic control loops (those involving
maintaining material balance and reactor controls) are
included on the PFD; instrumentation and other
control loops are not shown
• The final control element in nearly all chemical
process control loops is a valve.
Basic Control Loops
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Basic Instrumentation
Symbols
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Equipment Information
• Equipment are identified by number and a label
(name) positioned above the equipment on the PFD
• Basic data such as size and key data are included in a
separate table
Equipment Information
Equipment Summary
Vessel V-101 V-102
Temperature (ºC) 55 38
Pressure (bar) 2.0 24
Orientation Horizontal Vertical
MOC CS CS
Size
Height/Length (m) 5.9 3.5
Diameter (m) 1.9 1.1
Internals s.p. (splash plate)
PFD Summary
• PFD, Equipment Summary Table, and Flow
Summary Table represent a complete PFD
• This information is sufficient to permit a one to
complete a preliminary estimation of capital
investment and cost of manufacture.
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The P&ID (cont)
Look at V-102 on P&ID
• V-102 contains a LE (Level Element)
• LE senses liquid level in separator and adjusts flow
rate leaving, by opening or closing a valve, depending
on liquid level
• Together, the LE and valve represent a feedback
control loop
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Valve Symbols
More Valve Symbols
Utility Flowsheet (Process Engineering Utility Flow Diagram (PEUFD)):

 Used to summarize and detail the interrelationship of utilities such as air,


water (various types), steam (various types), heat transfer mediums,
process vents and purges, safety relief blow-down, etc., to the basic
process. The amount of detail is often too great to combine on other sheets,
so separate sheets are prepared.
 The PEUFD is a document containing information on:
 Main distribution or arrangement of each individual utility system, expect
electrical systems.
 
PEUFD Function:
The PEUFD shall state characteristics and consumption figures of the
particular utility concerned, cooling water, fire water, drinking water,
steam, plant air, instrument air, fuel oil/gas, inert gas and similar
utilities.
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Other Common Diagrams
• Plot Plans – plan or map drawn looking down on
plant (drawn to scale with all major equipment
identified)
• Elevation Diagrams – show view from side and give
information about equipments distance from ground
• Foundation drawings
• Electrical drawings
Plot Plan
Plot Plan
Elevation Diagram
Elevation Drawing
Foundation Drawing
Electrical Drawing
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Other Common Diagrams
(cont)
• Piping Isometrics – show piping in 3-dimensions
• Vessel Sketches – show key dimensions of equipment
and locations of inlet and outlet nozzles etc.
Scale Models and Virtual
Plants
• 25 yr ago physical models used for review
• Now virtual or electronic models are generated using
software (3D plant diagrams)
• Purpose of Models – catch errors such as
o Piping clashes
o Misaligned piping
o Equipment not easily accessed
o Sample points not easily reached by operators
3-D Plant
Diagrams
Summary
 The 3 principal diagrams (BFD, PFD,
P&ID) are used to convey increasingly
specific technical information about a
process.
 Important to adhere to standards for
these diagrams in order to avoid
confusion
 Information on equipment layout is
most clearly conveyed through a 3-D
plant layout diagram.

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