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    Applied Physics Lecture

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    Kashif Ali
    This document provides an overview of a lecture on applied physics. It discusses converting between volume units using examples, uncertainty and significant figures in measurements, components of vectors and how to find them, and using vector components to do calculations. The instructor is Engr. Hassaan Bin Younis and it is lecture 3 of the applied physics course.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Applied Physics Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Kashif Ali
    123 views11 pages
    This document provides an overview of a lecture on applied physics. It discusses converting between volume units using examples, uncertainty and significant figures in measurements, components of vectors and how to find them, and using vector components to do calculations. The instructor is Engr. Hassaan Bin Younis and it is lecture 3 of the applied physics course.

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    Applied physics Lecture

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    This document provides an overview of a lecture on applied physics. It discusses converting between volume units using examples, uncertainty and significant figures in measurements, components of vectors and how to find them, and using vector components to do calculations. The instructor is Engr. Hassaan Bin Younis and it is lecture 3 of the applied physics course.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    123 views11 pages

    Applied Physics Lecture

    Uploaded by

    Kashif Ali
    This document provides an overview of a lecture on applied physics. It discusses converting between volume units using examples, uncertainty and significant figures in measurements, components of vectors and how to find them, and using vector components to do calculations. The instructor is Engr. Hassaan Bin Younis and it is lecture 3 of the applied physics course.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 11

    Applied Physics

    Course Instructor:
    Engr. Hassaan Bin Younis
    AE (Mechatronics), KRL

    Lecture # 3
    2

    Thought of the Day

    “Don’t gamble on the future. Act


    now without delay”
    3

    Examples: Converting volume units


    • The
      world’s largest cut diamond is the First Star of
    Africa (mounted in the British Royal Sceptre and
    kept in the Tower of London). Its volume is 1.84
    cubic inches. What is its volume in cubic
    centimeters? In cubic meters?

    • According to the label on a bottle of salad


    dressing, the volume of the contents is 0.473 liter
    (L). Using only the conversions and express this
    volume in cubic inches.
    4

    Uncertainty and Significant Figures


    • Measurements always have uncertainties
    • The distinction between the two measurements is in their
    uncertainty
    • The uncertainty is also called the error
    • We often indicate the accuracy of a measured value—that is, how
    close it is likely to be to the true value
    • We can also express accuracy in terms of the maximum likely
    fractional error or percent error
    • In many cases, uncertainty is indicated by the number of
    meaningful digits, or significant figures, in the measured value
    • When we calculate with very large or very small numbers, we can
    show significant figures much more easily by using scientific
    notation
    • Precision is not the same as accuracy.
    5

    Example: Significant figures in


    multiplication
    •   rest energy E of an object with rest mass m is
    The
    given by Einstein’s famous equation , where c is
    the speed of light in vacuum. Find E for an
    electron for which (to three significant figures) .
    The SI unit for E is the joule (J);
    6

    Example: Addition of two vectors at right


    angles
    A cross-country skier skis 1.00 km north and then
    2.00 km east on a horizontal snowfield. How far
    and in what direction is she from the starting
    point?
    7

    Components of Vectors
    • We
      can represent any vector lying in the xy-plane as the
    sum of a vector parallel to the x-axis and a vector parallel
    to the y-axis. They are called the component vectors

    • The two numbers and are called the components of

    Caution: Components are not vectors


    8

    Components of Vectors
    • Imagine
      that the vector originally lies along the
    +x-axis and then it is rotated in its correct
    direction
    ▫ If the rotation is from +x-axis towards +y-axis, is
    positive
    ▫ If the rotation is from +x-axis towards -y-axis, is
    negative
    • From the definition of the trigonometric
    functions
    9

    Components of Vectors
    • The components of a vector may be positive or
    negative numbers

    Cosine of an angle Both cosine and sine


    is negative of an angle is negative
    10

    Example: Finding components


    •   What are the x- and y-components of vector in Fig (a)?
    a)
    The magnitude of the vector is , and the angle
    b) What are the x- and y-components of vector in Fig (b)?
    The magnitude of the vector is , and the angle
    11

    Doing Vector Calculations Using


    Components
    • Finding
      a vector’s magnitude and
    direction from its components
    ▫ We can find the magnitude and direction if we
    know the components

    ▫ If is measured from the positive x-axis, and a


    positive angle is measured toward the positive y-
    axis

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