Feni University

Electrical and Electronic Engineering

ASSIGNMENT NO – 01
CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATION

Submitted to : Submitted by :
Ershadul Haque Name : Al Amin Fahim
Senior Lecturer & ID: 171041002
Chairmen in-charge Program : B.Sc. in EEE
Department of EEE Batch : 12 th
 
 What is cellular mobile communication?

Cellular communication is a form of communication technology

that enables the use of mobile phones. A mobile phone is a
bidirectional radio that enables simultaneous transmission and
reception. Cellular communication is based on the geographic
division of the communication coverage area into cells, and
within cells.  Each cell is allocated a given number of frequencies
(or channels) that allow a large number of subscribers to conduct
conversations simultaneously.
 What is trunking in mobile communication?

Trunking is a technique used in data communications

transmission systems to provide many users with
access to a network by sharing multiple lines or
frequencies. As the name implies, the system is like a
tree with one trunk and many branches. Trunking
reduces the size of a telecom network and increases
bandwidth..
 What is trunking efficiency in mobile
communication?

Trunking efficiency is the amount of calls on a

given path between to offices in the
Telephone system. The trunk should have a
lot of calls but not to many that would cause
blocking. It should also be the least cost
route. There are table to consider the
blocking and retrying of calls.
 How do you set trunking between switches?

To enable trunk links, configure the ports on

either end of the physical link with parallel sets
of commands. To configure a switch port on one
end of a trunk link, use the switchport mode
trunk command. With this command, the
interface changes to permanent trunking mode.
 Why do we use trunking?

Trunking is not limited to any medium since its

main purpose is to maximize the bandwidth
available in any type of network. Cisco networks
have trunk ports and access ports. The trunk port
allows traffic to be carried for either all of the
VLANs or any of the VLANs.
 What is grade of service in telecommunication?

Grade of service. Grade of service is the probability

of a call in a circuit group being blocked or delayed
for more than a specified interval, expressed as a
vulgar fraction or decimal fraction. This is always
with reference to the busy hour when the traffic
intensity is the greatest.
 What is reflection in wireless communication?

Reflections Occurs when a wave impinges

upon a smooth surface. Dimensions of the
surface are large relative to l. Reflections occur
from the surface of the earth and from
buildings and walls.
 What is free space propagation model?

The free space propagation model assumes a

transmit antenna and a receive antenna to be
located in an otherwise empty environment.
Neither absorbing obstacles nor reflecting
surfaces are considered. In particular, the
influence of the earth surface is assumed to be
entirely absent.
 What is mobile radio systems?
Mobile radio or mobiles refer to wireless communications
systems and devices which are based on radio
frequencies(using commonly UHF or VHF frequencies),
and where the path of communications is movable on
either end. There are a variety of views about what
constitutes mobile equipment. For US licensing purposes,
mobiles may include hand-carried, (sometimes called
portable), equipment. An obsolete term is radiophone.
 What is paging system?
Paging system allows for one-way communication to
a large audience. Regardless of the broadcast
source, a one-way paging system lets the speaker
provide clear, amplified instructions throughout a
facility. The paging employee speaks a message into
a telephone and that message is then broadcast
through a network of speakers. Messages can also
be recorded and broadcast at a later time.
 What is cordless telephone system?
Cordless telephone systems are full
duplex communication systems that use
radio to connect a portable handset to a
dedicated base station, which is then
connected to a dedicated telephone line
with a specific telephone number on the
public switched telephone network.
 What is handoff strategies?

When a mobile moves into a different cell

while a conversation is in progress the MSC
automatically transfers the call to a new
channel belonging to the new base station.
This process of transferring the channels
between two cells is called Hand-Off.
 What is outdoor propagation models?
Radio communication over irregular terrain
Terrain profile taken into account for
predicting path loss Profile- varies from
simple curved earth profile to highly
mountainous profile Other propagation
models- predict signal strength at a particular
point from the receiver.
 What is indoor propagation model?

The ITU indoor propagation model, also

known as ITU model for indoor
attenuation, is a radio propagation
model that estimates the path loss
inside a room or a closed area inside a
building delimited by walls of any form.
 What is walfish and bertoni model?
A widely used model for the prediction of path
loss in mobile systems for urban environments
is the Walfisch-Bertoni model [1]. The
comparisons show that at receiver antenna
height of 10 m the model has a mean
prediction error of 5.6 dB of in an urban
environments and 11.8 dB in a suburban
environments.
What is timer dispersion parametersl?
Time dispersion is one of the most important
characteristics of the wireless channel. ... The
proposed algorithms estimate the power
delay profile (PDP) from which the two
important dispersion parameters, namely
root-mean-squared (RMS) delay spread and
maximum excess delay of the channel, are
estimated.
 What is coherence bandwidth?
Coherence bandwidth is a statistical
measurement of the range of frequencies
over which the channel can be considered
"flat", or in other words the approximate
maximum bandwidth or frequency interval
over which two frequencies of a signal are
likely to experience comparable or
correlated amplitude fading.
What is coherence time in wireless communication?

In communications systems, a
communication channel may change with
time. Coherence time is the time duration
over which the channel impulse response is
considered to be not varying. Such channel
variation is much more significant in
wireless communications systems, due to
Doppler effect.
 What is doppler spread and coherence time?

Doppler spread and coherence time are

parameters that describe the frequency-
dispersion nature of the mobile channel, and
their values with respect to the transmitted
signal bandwidth Bs and the symbol duration
(period) Ts can help determine if the channel
is experiencing fast fading or slow fading.
 What is flat fading in wireless communication?

The wireless channel is said to be flat fading if

it has constant gain and linear phase
response over a bandwidth which is greater
than the bandwidth of the transmitted signal.
In this type of fading all the frequency
components of the received signal fluctuate
in same proportions simultaneously.
 What is the difference between flat and selective
fading?

#Flat fading, or nonselective fading, is that

type of fading in which all frequency
components of the received signal fluctuate
in the same proportions simultaneously.

#Selective fading affects unequally the

different spectral components of a radio
signal.
 What is different types of fading?
The Fading types are divided into large scale
fading and small scale fading (multipath delay
spread and doppler spread). These fading types
are implemented as per Rayleigh, Rician,
Nakagami and Weibull distributions or models.
Introduction: As we know wireless communication
system consists of transmitter and receiver.
 What is modulation techniques?
Modulation is the process of converting data
into electrical signals optimized for
transmission. Modulation techniques are
roughly divided into four types: Analog
modulation, Digital modulation, Pulse
modulation , and Spread spectrum method..
Digital modulation involves transmission of
binary signals.
 What is analog and digital
modulation?
Modulation is the process of converting data into
electrical signals optimized for transmission...

#Analog modulation is typically used for AM, FM

radio, and short-wave broadcasting.

#Digital modulation involves transmission of

binary signals (0 and 1). Digital modulation
involves transmission of binary signals.
THANK YOU