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Lesson 15-Slope of A Curve, Tangent Line and Normal Line

The document discusses tangent and normal lines to curves. It defines: - The slope of a curve as the limit of the slope of secant lines as they approach the tangent line. - The derivative of a function as equal to the slope of the tangent line. - How to find the equations of tangent and normal lines using the derivative and slope at a given point. Several examples are provided to demonstrate finding: - The slope of a tangent line at a given point on a curve - Points where a curve has a given slope - Equations of tangent and normal lines to various curves at specified points.

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Wayne Casanova
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523 views12 pages

Lesson 15-Slope of A Curve, Tangent Line and Normal Line

The document discusses tangent and normal lines to curves. It defines: - The slope of a curve as the limit of the slope of secant lines as they approach the tangent line. - The derivative of a function as equal to the slope of the tangent line. - How to find the equations of tangent and normal lines using the derivative and slope at a given point. Several examples are provided to demonstrate finding: - The slope of a tangent line at a given point on a curve - Points where a curve has a given slope - Equations of tangent and normal lines to various curves at specified points.

Uploaded by

Wayne Casanova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 15

Slope of a Curve, Tangent


Line and Normal Line
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lesson, the students are expected to
accomplish the following:
•determine the slope of a curve and the derivative of a
function at a specified point;
•solve problems involving slope of a curve;
•determine the equations of tangent and normal lines
using differentiation; and
•solve problems involving tangent and normal lines.
y
tangent line

P ( x1 , f ( x1 )) Q ( x 2 , f ( x 2 ))

secant line

y y  f (x )

x  x 2  x1
x 2  x1  x
f ( x1  x)  f ( x1 )
m PQ 
x
If we let x2 approach x1, then the point Q will
move along the curve and approach point P. As
point Q approaches P, the value of Δx approaches
zero and the secant line through P and Q approaches
a limiting position, then we will consider that
position to be the position of the tangent line at P.
Thus, we make
Thus, the following
we make definition.
the following definition.
DEFINITION:
Suppose that x1 is in the domain of the function f, the
tangent line to the curve y=f(x) at the point P(x1,f(x1)) is
the line with equation,
y  f ( x1 )  m( x  x1 )
DEFINITION
The derivative of y = f(x) at point P on the curve is
equal to the slope of the tangent line at P, thus the
derivative of the function f given by y= f(x) with respect
to x at any x in its domain is defined as:

dy y f ( x  x)  f ( x)
 lim  lim
dx x 0 x x 0 x

provided the limit exists.


• Examples:

1. Find the slope of the curve y  3 x 2  2 x  1 at   1, 6  .

Solution :
y'  6 x  2

mtan gent line  6 x  2

at   1, 6  :
mtan gent line  6   1  2   8
x 1
2. At what po int s do the curve y  ,  x  1 have slope of 2 ?
x 1

dy x  1   x  1 2
 
dx  x  1 2  x  1 2
2
2
 x  1 2
when x  0 , y  1
2 x  1  2
2

x  2 , y  3
 x  1 2
1
Hence the po int s are
x  2x  1  1
2
 0 ,1 and   2 ,3
x  2x  0
2

x x  2   0
x 0 , x20
x  -2
8
3. What is the equation of the tan gent line and normal line to y  at  4,4 .
x
Solution : sin ce NL  TL then mNL  2
1
-8  and the equation of the normal
sin ce y   8 x then
2
x line at  4 ,4  is
y  4  2  x  4 
3 3
1  
y'  -   8  x 2  4 x 2
2 y  4  2 x  8
3 4 1
y'  4   4 4   4 2  2 x  y  4  0 eq' n of NL
 3
2  
8 2
1
therefore mTL 
2
and the equation of the tan gent
line at  4,-4  is
1
y  4   x  4
2
2y  8  x 4
x  2 y  12  0 eq' n of TL
4. Find the equation of the tan gent line to the curve y  2 x 2  3
that is // to the line 8 x  y  3  0 .
Solution :
8x  y  3  0
y  8x  3

4 x  8 and y  2 2   3
2

mL
x2 y  8  3  11
sin ce the tan gent line is // to
and y'  4 2   8
8 x  y  3 then mTL  mL  8 therefore the equation of the
and by taking the derivative of tangent line at  2,11  is
the equation of the given curve y - 11  8 x - 2 
y  2x2  3 y - 11  8x - 16
y'  4 x  mTL , thus 4 x  8 8x - y - 5  0 eq' n of TL

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