VOIP

VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol

Course Overview
 What is VoIP?
 Toll ByPass
 Control Protocols
 MGCP
 H323
 SIP in detail
What is Voice over IP
 The packetization and transport of
classic public switched telephone
system audio over an IP network.
 The analog audio stream is encoding

in a digital format, with possible
compression, and encapsulating it in
IP for transport over your LAN / WAN
or the public internet.
Categories of VoIP
 Private and Desktop: Skype, Microsoft Netmeeting,
ohphone, gphone, Asterisk*, Marratech, etc.
 Enterprise : Small IP phone deployments, IP PBX,

Cisco Callmanager.
 ISP/Carrier : Toll Bypass services, VOIP wholesale,

using equipment by vendors such as Cisco, Lucent,
Avaya, etc.
 Telco Grade : Local service, Last mile delivery, total

phone services, high dependability and availability.
Why VoIP?
 Cost Reduction
- Toll By-pass
- WAN Cost Reduction
 Operational Improvement
- Common Network Infrastructure
- Simplification of Routing Administration
 Business Tool Integration

- Voice Mail, Email and Fax Integration
- Web + Call
- Mobility using IP
 New Services
- New Integrated Applications
How does it work?
 VoIP is not a protocol.
 VoIP is a collection of protocols and devices that

allow for the encoding, transport and routing of
audio calls over IP networks.
 PSTN >> VoIP >> PSTN
 Native VoIP >> PSTN
 Native VoIP >> Native VoIP

How does it work?
How does it work?
Convergence
 Cost Savings
- One backbone instead of two parallel ones.
- No maintenance of proprietary switching systems.
- Significant capital equipment cost reduction.
 Simplification
- One infrastructure
- Multivendor capable
 Advance Services
- Unified Messaging
- Computer telephony integration
Components of VoIP
 Coding and Decoding of Analog Voice
- Analog to digital and digital to analog conversion.
- Compression
 Signaling
- Call setup and tear down
- Resource and coding negotiation
 Transport and Bearer Traffic

- Voice packet transmission
- Routing
- Support of QoS
 Numbering
- Phone Number
- IP Addressing
Components of VoIP
 Coding and Decoding of Analog Voice
- Analog to digital and digital to analog conversion.
- Compression
 Signaling
- Call setup and tear down
- Resource and coding negotiation
 Transport and Bearer Traffic

- Voice packet transmission
- Routing
- Support of QoS
 Numbering
- Phone Number
- IP Addressing
What Protocols are Required?
 Signaling Protocol
- To establish presence, locate user, set up, modify,
tear down session.
 Media Transport Protocol

- To transmit packetized audio / video signal.
 Supporting Protocol
- Gateway Location, QoS, Address Translation,
etc.
VoIP Protocol
What Protocols are Required?
 Signaling Protocol
- To establish presence, locate user, set up, modify,
tear down session.
 Media Transport Protocol

- To transmit packetized audio / video signal.
 Supporting Protocol
- Gateway Location, QoS, Address Translation,
etc.
SIP Overview
 SIP - Introduction
 SIP architecture and philosophy
 Methods Used in SIP
 SIP messages & responses
 Security
SIP is?
 An Application-layer control (signaling) protocol
• creating, modifying and terminating sessions with one or more
participants.
 Sessions include:
• Internet multimedia conferences,
• Internet telephone calls
• multimedia distribution.
 Members in a session can communicate via:

• Multicast
• mesh of unicast relations
• combination of these.
 Text based
• Model similar to HTTP : uses client-server model
SIP Basic Functionality
Supports 5 facets of communication:
 User location: determination of the end system to

be used for communication;
 User capabilities: determination of the media and
media parameters to be used;
 User availability: determination of the willingness
of the called party to engage in communications;
 Call setup: "ringing", establishment of call
parameters at both called and calling party;
 Call handling: including transfer and termination of
calls.
Development of SIP
 SIP developed by Handley, Schulzrinne, Schooler,
and Rosenberg
- Submitted as Internet-Draft 7/97
 • Assigned RFC 2543 in 3/99
 • Goals: Re-use of & Maximum Interoperability with

existing protocols
 • Alternative to ITU’s H.323

- H.323 used for IP Telephony since 1994
- Problems: No new services, addressing, features
- Concerns: scalability, extensibility
SIP Architecture
 SIP uses client/server architecture
 Client - originates message
 Server - responds to or forwards message
Elements:
 SIP User Agents (SIP Phones)
 SIP Servers (Proxy or Redirect - used to locate SIP users or
to forward messages.)
Can be stateless or stateful

 SIP Gateways:
 To PSTN for telephony interworking
 To H.323 for IP Telephony interworking
SIP Entities – User Agents
User Agents
 User Agent Client (UAC)
 Initiates SIP requests
 User Agent Server (UAS)
 Returns SIP responses
SIP Entities – Network Servers
Network Servers
 Proxy: Decides next hop and forwards request,
relays call signaling , operates in a transactional
manner, saves no session state
 Redirect: Sends address of next hop back to client,

redirects callers to other servers
 Registrar: Accepts REGISTER requests from

clients, maintains users’ whereabouts at a location
server
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Locating a SIP Server
 Sending SIP Requests : SIP
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
 Subsequent Requests and Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Transactions
 SIP ethods
 SIP Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
SIP Operation
 SIP Addressing
 Transactions
 SIP Methods
 SIP Responses
SIP Proxy vs. Redirect
SIP - QoS
SIP - QoS
VoIP
Thank You

VOIP

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VoIP

Voice over Internet Protocol

 The analog audio stream is encoding

 Enterprise : Small IP phone deployments, IP PBX,

 ISP/Carrier : Toll Bypass services, VOIP wholesale,

 Telco Grade : Local service, Last mile delivery, total

 Business Tool Integration

 VoIP is a collection of protocols and devices that

 PSTN >> VoIP >> PSTN

 Native VoIP >> PSTN

 Native VoIP >> Native VoIP

 Transport and Bearer Traffic

 Transport and Bearer Traffic

 Media Transport Protocol

 Media Transport Protocol

 Members in a session can communicate via:

 User location: determination of the end system to

 • Assigned RFC 2543 in 3/99

 • Goals: Re-use of & Maximum Interoperability with

 • Alternative to ITU’s H.323

Can be stateless or stateful

 Redirect: Sends address of next hop back to client,

 Registrar: Accepts REGISTER requests from

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