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DBMS

The document discusses data independence using the three-schema architecture. It explains that data independence allows modifications to schemas at one level without altering higher levels. There are two types of data independence: logical data independence, which refers to changing the conceptual schema without affecting the external schema; and physical data independence, which is changing the internal schema without impacting the conceptual schema.

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32 views5 pages

DBMS

The document discusses data independence using the three-schema architecture. It explains that data independence allows modifications to schemas at one level without altering higher levels. There are two types of data independence: logical data independence, which refers to changing the conceptual schema without affecting the external schema; and physical data independence, which is changing the internal schema without impacting the conceptual schema.

Uploaded by

Operation Research
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DATABASES

CSCP 254
LECTURE 3 DATA INDEPENDENCE

Data independence can be explained using the three-schema


architecture.
Data independence refers characteristic of being able to modify
the schema at one level of the database system without altering
the schema at the next higher level.
There are two types of data independence:
1. LOGICAL DATA INDEPENDENCE

Logical data independence refers characteristic of being able to


change the conceptual schema without having to change the
external schema.
Logical data independence is used to separate the external level
from the conceptual view.
If we do any changes in the conceptual view of the data, then
the user view of the data would not be affected.
Logical data independence occurs at the user interface level.
2. PHYSICAL DATA INDEPENDENCE
Physical data independence can be defined as the capacity to
change the internal schema without having to change the
conceptual schema.
If we do any changes in the storage size of the database system
server, then the Conceptual structure of the database will not be
affected.
Physical data independence is used to separate conceptual levels
from the internal levels.
Physical data independence occurs at the logical interface level.
Fig: Data Independence

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