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Foundation Construction

The key processes involved in foundation construction are: 1. Marking the layout and centerline of the foundation 2. Excavating trenches to the required depth and width based on the foundation footing 3. Installing timbering in the trenches for support where needed 4. Pouring and finishing the concrete work 5. Reinforcing the concrete trenches with steel bars as required

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Unyime Ndeuke
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218 views6 pages

Foundation Construction

The key processes involved in foundation construction are: 1. Marking the layout and centerline of the foundation 2. Excavating trenches to the required depth and width based on the foundation footing 3. Installing timbering in the trenches for support where needed 4. Pouring and finishing the concrete work 5. Reinforcing the concrete trenches with steel bars as required

Uploaded by

Unyime Ndeuke
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Foundation Construction processes

• Foundation is the part of structure beneath the ground


level  in direct contact of soil and transmits load of super
structure to soil. Generally it is below the ground level. If
some part of foundation is above ground level, it is also
covered with earth filling. This portion of structure is not
in contact of air, light etc. It is the hidden part of the
structure.

• Procedure for construction of foundation starts with


marking layout for excavation and centerline of foundation
and excavation of its depth and width.
Precautions while designing a Foundation

• A foundation should be designed to transmit combined


dead load, imposed load and wind load to the ground.
• Net loading intensity of pressure coming on the soil
should not exceed the safe bearing capacity.
• Foundation should be designed in such a way that
settlement to the ground is limited and uniform under
whole of the building to avoid damage to the structure.
• Whole design of the foundation, super structure and
characteristics of the ground should be studied to
obtain economy in construction work.
FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION

To construction a foundation, the following


processes are involved;
1. Marking layout for excavation and centerline
of foundation
2. Excavation of trenches
3. Timbering of trenches
4. Concrete work
5. Reinforcement of trenches
Marking Layout for Excavation and Centerline of Foundation

• For layout of a building, baseline is marked on the ground either from center line of the road or from any
permanent building nearby. This line helps to mark out the front of a building. Side baseline is also marked
with the help of side structure or road or it can be marked with the help of first baseline or boundary of the
plot.
• Fix temporary pegs at the center line of walls/columns on both sides of walls and columns in front and back
side.
• Fix peg at the center line of walls/columns on both sides of wall and columns in left and right side of front of
building.
• Check diagonals of the square or rectangle formed after fixing pegs.
• Construct marking pillars with pegs at a distance of 1.5 meter to 2 meters and their top surface should be
plastered.
• Mark center line on the top of marking pillars with the help of thread (Soot) or with the Theodolite in big
projects and the diagonal and other dimension should be checked.
• Level marking pillars on all corners of building and the top level is fixed at a proposed plinth level.
• Mark the foundation of walls/columns according to drawing on the ground with the help of centerline marked
on the marking pillars .
• Mark foundation trenches on the ground with chalk powder.
• Excavate the foundation of the walls /columns up to required level and the excavation must be checked with
the help of center line and level marking pillars to avoid any complication later on.
Excavation of Trenches
• Excavation is carried out to determine the depth and width of the
foundation.
• The depth and with is based on the footing of the foundation.
Foundation footing is a structure constructed in brickwork, masonry
or concrete under the base of a wall or column for distributing the
load over a large area.
• Depending on the nature of the soil, and the volume of work
involved, excavation may be by manual of mechanical operation.
Manual excavation is labour intensive and should be adopted only for
small earthwork and in normal soil. For earthwork involving hundreds
of cubic maters, mechanical excavation should be adopted.
• Trenches are dug deeper into the soil till hard stratum is reach.
Precautions during Excavation for Foundation

• The depth and width of foundation should be according to structural


design.
• The depth of the foundation should not be less than 1 meter in case the
design is not available.
• The length, width and depth of excavation should be checked with the
help of center line and level marked on the marking pillars.
• The excavated material/ earth should be dumped at a distance of 1
meter from the edges.
• Work should be done on dry soil.
• Arrangement of water pump should be made for pumping out rain
water.
• The bottom layer of the foundation should be compacted.
• There should be no soft places in foundation due to roots etc.
• Any soft/ defective spots should be dug out and be filled with concrete/
hard material

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