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    Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases

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    vinodkumarmishra
    Eukaryotic cells contain multiple DNA polymerases for DNA replication and repair. There are four main nuclear DNA polymerases (α, β, δ, and ε) and a fifth organellar DNA polymerase (γ). DNA polymerase α initiates replication by synthesizing RNA primers with its associated primase. Polymerase δ then provides the main elongation of the leading and lagging strands with high processivity aided by its interaction with PCNA. Polymerase γ is responsible for replication of mitochondrial DNA.

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    Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases

    Uploaded by

    vinodkumarmishra
    237 views8 pages
    Eukaryotic cells contain multiple DNA polymerases for DNA replication and repair. There are four main nuclear DNA polymerases (α, β, δ, and ε) and a fifth organellar DNA polymerase (γ). DNA polymerase α initiates replication by synthesizing RNA primers with its associated primase. Polymerase δ then provides the main elongation of the leading and lagging strands with high processivity aided by its interaction with PCNA. Polymerase γ is responsible for replication of mitochondrial DNA.

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    Eukaryotic cells contain multiple DNA polymerases for DNA replication and repair. There are four main nuclear DNA polymerases (α, β, δ, and ε) and a fifth organellar DNA polymerase (γ). DNA polymerase α initiates replication by synthesizing RNA primers with its associated primase. Polymerase δ then provides the main elongation of the leading and lagging strands with high processivity aided by its interaction with PCNA. Polymerase γ is responsible for replication of mitochondrial DNA.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    237 views8 pages

    Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases

    Uploaded by

    vinodkumarmishra
    Eukaryotic cells contain multiple DNA polymerases for DNA replication and repair. There are four main nuclear DNA polymerases (α, β, δ, and ε) and a fifth organellar DNA polymerase (γ). DNA polymerase α initiates replication by synthesizing RNA primers with its associated primase. Polymerase δ then provides the main elongation of the leading and lagging strands with high processivity aided by its interaction with PCNA. Polymerase γ is responsible for replication of mitochondrial DNA.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases

    • Contrary to few DNA polymerases in prokaryotes(Pol I,


    Pol II, Pol III, Pol IV etc.), eukaryotes have large number
    of DNA polymerases, 17 DNA polymerases in animal
    cells.
    • Eukaryotic cells contain FOUR nuclear DNA
    polymerases, i.e. α, β, δ and ε; and a fifth DNA
    polymerase called r -gamma which is responsible for
    organelle genome replication.

    21-1
    Important DNA polymerases of Eukaryotes
    Properties Nuclear DNA polymerases Organellar
    DNA
    polymerase

    α β δ ε Gamma r
    5’-3’ exo No No No No No
    3’-5’ exo No No Yes Yes Yes

    No. of subunits 4 1 2-3 At least 2


    1
    Associate with Yes …. No No …
    Primase
    Processivity Moderate …… High High ….
    Require PCNA No Yes Yes …..
    Function Priming DNA Main Control mt DNA
    Essential for repair replicase function replication
    replication But not
    catalytic
    function
    21-2
    Pol α/primase-Initiation of DNA replication

    • 3’-5’ exo……… ………………..No


    • Associate with primase……….Yes
    • Processivity……………………moderate
    • PCNA………………………….No

    21-3
    DNA polymerase α is important in intiation of DNA
    replication in eukaryotes. Pol α/primase primes the leading
    strand and beginning of every okazaki fragment.
    Pol α + Primase Po α is tightly associated with
    primase
    Pol α/primase complex synthesizes a primer approximately 10
    ribonucleotides long, and then it switches from primase activity to
    DNA polymerase activity, and elongates the primer with
    approximateky 15-30 deoxyribonucleotides.The product of the
    dual reaction is a short strech of DNA covalently attached to RNA
    primer 21-4
    Pol α + Primase-Initiation of DNA
    replication
    • The short strech of RNA-DNA hybrid is then
    used by Pol δ or Pol ε for processive elongation
    of the leading and lagging strand.

    21-5
    Pol δ
    Rfc (replication factor C) aid loding of Pol
    δ and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear
    antigen). They form Pol δ-Rfc-PCNA
    complex
    PCNA-processivity of DNA polymerase δ

    21-6
    DNA Polymerase δ

    Properties
    3’-5’ exo…………………Yes
    Associate with Primase….No
    Processivity……………..High
    PCNA…………………….Yes

    Both DNA polymerases (a and d) are involved in chromosome


    replication. DNA polymerase α is responsible for initiation of new
    strands. It is in tight association with primase .

     Replication factor C (RFC), then binds to the iDNA (initiator DNA) and
    loads DNA polymerase δ plus its sliding clamp (PCNA protein) onto the
    DNA.

    PCNA- The sliding clamp of animal cells, a trimer (not a dimer as in


    bacteria) that forms a ring surrounding the DNA. It important for
    processivity of DNA
    21-7
    Summary: DNA
    Replication in
    Eukaryotes

    21-8

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