DOLE Accredited OSH Consultant

DENR/LLDA Accredited Pollution Control Officer

Registered Mechanical Engineer
 Occupational Health Hazard

 It may mean conditions that cause legally

compensable illness or,
 It may mean any conditions in the workplace that
impair the health of employees enough to make
them lose time from work.

 Occupational Disease

 It is a disease caused by environmental factors, the

exposure to which is generally peculiar to a
particular process, trade or occupation.
 Industrial Hygiene

Industrial Hygiene is that science and art devoted to

the recognition, evaluation, and control of those
environmental factors that cause inefficiency among
workers.

A HAZARDS RECOGNITION

B HAZARDS EVALUATION

C CONTROL OF HAZARDS
1 The Worker 3 The Task or Job

 his genetic composition  application

 his psychological  training
characteristic  job satisfaction
 his disease susceptibility  rest breaks
 shift work
2 The Tool  management support
system
 bio-mechanical design
and specifications 4 Working Environment
 physical conditions
 bio-mechanical
conditions
HAZARD RECOGNITION – to identify
potential or actual workplace health
hazards or stresses.

 Conduct a walk-through survey to

pinpoint location of existing hazards.
 Determine the process involved.
 Know the raw materials used and its by-
products.
 Conduct a regular safety inspection.
 BASIC IMMEDIATE The EVENT Result/s
ORIGIN
CAUSES CAUSES (ACCIDENT) (LOSS)

Struck by
Ancestry Struck against
HAZARDS UNSAFE:
Environment Caught between Property Damage
1 CONDITIONS Electrocution PERSONAL INJURY
2 ACTS Fall Delay in Process

Lack of Knowledge
& Skill 1 (P) PEOPLE (MAN)
Poor Work Attitudes 2 (E) EQUIPMENT (MACHINERY & TOOLS)
3 (M) MATERIALS
Personal Defects
4 (E) WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENT (BUILDINGS &
STRUCTURES, AIR, etc.)
5 (P) PROCEDURES (METHODS/INSTRUCTIONS)
6 (T) TIME
1 CHEMICAL HAZARDS
2 BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
3 ENVIRONMENTAL & PHYSICAL
HAZARDS
4 ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
 These are poisons or corrosive substance
that directly attack the body.

 Chemical agents

• Dusts, fibers (silica, cotton, coal, asbestos)

• Fumes (produced from condensation)
• Smoke (result of incomplete combustion)
• Mists (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc.)
• Gases (Chlorine, CO)
• Vapors (gasoline, alcohol, paint thinners)
 These are infections caused by biological
agents.

 Biological agents

• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Fungi
• Mites
• Insects
• Parasites
• Plants
 These are exposures to

• Excessive Noise
• Radiant Energy (Radiation)
• Extreme of Temperature
• Rapid Temperature Changes
• Pressure
• Vibration
• Illumination
 These include

• improperly designed tools, equipment or work

areas,
• unusual and unnecessary lifting or reaching,
• poor visual conditions,
• excessive vibration,
• repeated forceful motions in awkward postures.
HAZARD EVALUATION – to determine
the magnitude of environmental factors
and stresses arising in the workplace
through qualitative and quantitative
measurement.
 Determine the magnitude or level of
hazards with the use of industrial
hygiene instruments.
 Analysis of samples and compare
results with existing standards.
 Monitor the work environment
CONTROL OF HAZARDS – to apply
corrective measures by either reducing or
eliminating the exposure. There are three
methods of controlling occupational
hazards, as follows:

A ENGINEERING CONTROL. Eliminate or

reduce the hazard through:
 Initial design specification
 Substitution
 Change the process
 Isolation
 Ventilation
 B ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL

1 Control of 4 Medical
employees examinations
exposure (testing)
2 Scheduled reduced 5 Workplace
work hours in monitoring
contaminated area 6 SOP’s
3 Increased breaks 7 Training

C USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE

EQUIPMENT: Use of a protective barrier
to protect the worker from the hazard.
 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES (TLV) – refer to
airborne concentration of substances and
represent conditions under which workers may
be repeatedly exposed for an 8-hours workday
at a total of 48-hours per week exposure,
without adverse effect.

Or, THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES (TLV) –

refer to the time-weighted concentration of
airborne contamination for an 8-hours
workday and 40-hours per week exposure,
without adverse effect.
 THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES for noise
refer to sound pressure in which workers
may be repeatedly exposed without
adverse effect on their ability to hear and
understand normal speech.

 For the values of Permissible Noise

Exposure, refer to Table 8b of the OH&S
Standards.
Attenuation
level of EAR
PLUGS is
about 7 to
10 dBA

Attenuation
level of EAR
MUFFS is
about 15 to
25 dBA
 All places where persons work or pass
through shall be provided with
adequate & suitable natural or
artificial lighting during time of use.

 Table 8c, Table of Illumination

Levels is provided in the OH&S
Standards.
1 PHYSICAL AGENTS

A NOISE

 SOUND LEVEL METER – is the basic instrument

used to measure sound pressure variations in the
air.
 FREQUENCY ANALYZER – determines the
distribution of noise levels according to the
frequencies. Usually the sound level meter comes
together with an octave band analyzer in a set.

B LIGHT

 LUXMETER OR LIGHT METER – is a photometer

which converts the light into an electric current, the
intensity of illumination in LUX can be read from the
scale of the instrument.
C EXTREME OF TEMPERATURE:

 Evaluation of heat stress is done using the

heat stress monitor.

 DRY BULB THERMOMETER

 WET BULB THERMOMETER
 GLOBE THERMOMETER
 SLING THERMOMETER

D RADIATION:

 Film Badge
 Thermoluminiscence Detectors
 Pocket dosimeter
2 CHEMICAL AGENTS

 Gas & Vapors Monitors

 Direct-reading instrument exemplified by
calorimetric-type devices, thermal, gas
chromatography.

3 BIOLOGICAL AGENTS

 Microscope

4 OTHER USEFUL EQUIPMENT

 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer – for

heavy metals
 Gas Chromatograph – for organic solvents
 X-ray Diffraction – for dust asbestos fibers
 High Performance Liquid Chromatograph – for
inorganic chemicals
WORK ENVIRONMENT MEASUREMENT (WEM) – is
the direct measurement of hazards, environmental
stresses & their hazardous effects on the workers health.
 To determine the magnitude of harmful
environmental agents;

 To predict the harmfulness of new facilities,

processes & methods;

 To monitor worker’s exposure to hazards;

 To evaluate the effectiveness of control

measures adopted for improvement;

 To maintain a favorable working condition.

1 INHALATION

2 THROUGH THE SKIN

3 INGESTION
1 Age
2 Sex
3 General health
4 Genetic variability – similarities &
differences between individuals related by
descent
5 Anatomic variability – human body
6 Nutrition – food
7 Previous exposure
Appraising “Health Hazards”
usually involve the following:

1 PRELIMINARY SURVEY – to
determine which operations &
environmental conditions may be
hazardous.

2 DETAILED STUDY
Consideration for a preliminary survey includes:
A General sanitation.
B Raw materials, products & by-products.
C Sources & types of AIR CONTAMINANTS.

 AIR CONTAMINANTS – substances in air consisting

of any or the combinations of any of the three
physical states of hazardous and/or toxic chemicals.

D Physical agents.
E Analysis of the possibility of fire, explosion & other
occurrence.
F Control measures to be used.
A Use of sampling & direct reading instruments.

B Concentration of atmospheric contaminants are

compared to standards expressed as threshold
limit value (TLV).
A ELIMINATE SOURCES OF
CONTAMINATION OR REDUCE
THE AMOUNT OF EXPOSURE

 Consider the design of equipment.

 Substitute non-toxic or less toxic
materials
 Implement change in process
 Enforce good housekeeping.
B PREVENT DISPERSION OF
CONTAMINATIONS

 Isolate the hazardous process

 Enclose the hazardous process
 Use wet methods
 Install local exhaust ventilation
 Conduct worker education

C PROTECT WORKERS

 Implement general ventilation

 Use of personal protective
equipment.
1 Know the nature of potentially hazardous
substances, conditions, or exposures.

2 Set-up & maintain control program.

 Purchasing
 Handling
 Storage
 Use (manufacturing)
 Waste disposal

3 Assign responsibility for prevention program.

1 Business Registration (IP – 3)
2 Report of Work-Related Accidents (IP – 6)
3 Report of Health & Safety Committee
Organization (IP – 5)
4 Quarterly report of Safety & Health
Program & minutes of the meetings of
Health & Safety Committee
5 Annual Work Accident/Illness Exposure
Data Report (IP – 6B)
6 Annual Medical Report (OH – 47A)
 Priority Setting – essence of
planning is in setting priorities, this
view reflects the resource
limitations of the company.

 Developing Objectives, Targets –

use SMART approach

 Designing Evaluation &

Monitoring Tools for the Program.
To prepare the Specific Objectives – Activities/Action Steps
required to implement the Key Performance Areas
of the OH&S Program Element,
HEALTH CONTROLS & SERVICES
 LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT PLANNED JOB/TASK JOB/TASK
ADMINISTRATION TRAINING INSPECTION ANALYSIS OBSERVATION
& PROCEDURES

PERSONAL ORGANIZATIONAL HIRING & ACCIDENT & ACCIDENT &

COMMUNICATION RULES PLACEMENT INCIDENT INCIDENT
INVESTIGATION ANALYSIS

PURCHSING & EMPLOYEE HEALTH PERSONAL MEASUREMENT

ENGINEERING TRAINING CONTROL & PROTECTIVE AUDIT SYSTEM
CONTROLS SERVICES EQUIPMENT

GROUP GENERAL EMERGENCY RECORDS & OFF-THE-JOB

MEETINGS PROMOTIONS PREPAREDNESS REPORTS SAFETY
INADEQUATE: People
Comprehensive Contact w/ Energy or Substance
Environment
1 System SAFETY above the threshold limit of the
Property
2 Standards & HEALTH body or structure Process
3 Compliance PROGRAM

LACK
LACKOF
OF BASIC
BASIC IMMEDIATE
IMMEDIATE ACCIDENT
ACCIDENT LOSS
LOSS
(Result of Accident)
CONTROL
CONTROL CAUSES
CAUSES CAUSES
CAUSES (EVENT)
(EVENT) (Result of Accident)

1 PERSONAL FACTORS 1 UNSAFE CONDITIONS

Inadequate capability Inadequate guards/barriers
Lack of knowledge Inadequate PPE
Lack of skill H Defective tools/equipment
Congestion
BUSINESS
Stress
Improper motivation A Inadequate warning system
Disorder
Profitability
Growth
2 JOB FACTORS Z Excessive exposures
Inadequate ventilation Continuity
Inadequate leadership
Inadequate engineering
A Inadequate illumination

Inadequate purchasing
Inadequate maintenance
R 2 UNSAFE ACTS
Failure to warn
Inadequate tools & equipment
Wear & tear
D Failure to obey rules
Failure to follow procedures
Inadequate work standards
Abuse & misuse
S Removing safety devices
Improper lifting
Failure to use PPE Why you
Servicing operating equipment need
Horseplay
LOSS CAUSATION MODEL SAFETY !!!
 Preparation of Specific Objectives
(activities/action steps) to implement
key performance areas of the
program element (HEALTH
CONTROLS & SERVICES) of an
Occupational Health & Safety Program.

 The Occupational Health & Safety Program

should be built around the basic elements
& continuous improvement model
outlining the details, such as targets,
monitoring systems, awards, appraisal
factors, etc.
The Specific Objectives (Activities/Action
Steps) should conform to the following SMART
criteria:
(S) – SPECIFIC or SIMPLE

(M) – MEASURABLE

(A) – ATTAINABLE

(R) – RELEVANT or REALISTIC

(T) – TIME BOUNDED

PROGRAM ELEMENT: HEALTH CONTROLS & SERVICES
To have established & implemented an effective program on
HEALTH CONTROLS & SERVICES within the year 2010
that includes the following key performance areas:
A HEALTH CONTROL
1) Health Hazards Identification
2) Health Hazards Assessment & Evaluation
3) Health Hazards Control
4) Monitoring & Surveillance
5) Information, Training & Education
6) Health Maintenance Program
B FIRST AID
1) Established Procedure for Emergencies
2) Supervisory Training on First Aid
3) First Aid Facilities & Equipment
4) Qualified First Aid Attendants
5) Communications
6) Records & Documents
Program Element Key Performance Areas Specific Objectives Person/s Support Time Status
Objective Activities/Action Responsible Needed Frame
Steps
To have A HEALTH CONTROL
established & 1 Health Hazards
implemented Identification
an effective 2 Health Hazards
program on
Health Assessment &
Controls & Evaluation
Services within 3 Health Hazards
the year 2010 Control
that includes 4 Monitoring &
the following Surveillance
key 5 Information, Training
performance & Education
areas:
6 Health Maintenance
Program
B FIRST AID
1 Established
Procedure for
Emergencies
2 Supervisory Training
on First Aid
3 First Aid Facilities &
Equipment
4 Qualified First Aid
Attendants
5 Communications
6 Records &
Documents
 Program Key Performance Specific Objectives Person/s Support Needed Time
Element Areas Activities/Action Steps Responsible Frame
Objective
To have A HEALTH A Health Hazards Control
established CONTROL 1 To have identified
and 1 Health health hazards in the
implemented Hazards facility by 1st qtr. H&S Com Top MGNT Jan 01 to
an effective Identification HR Managers Mar 31
program on 2 To have performed an Manager
2 Evaluation evaluation & Supervisors
Health assessment of health Safety & Jan 01 to
Control & 3 Health
Hazards hazards facility by 2nd Health Budgets for: Jun 30
Services qtr. Officer
within the Control  WEM
year 2010 4 Monitoring 3 To have implemented  Health &
that includes 5 Information, health hazards controls Jan 01 to
by 3rd qtr. Sanitation
the following Training & Inspections Sep 30
key Education 4 To have performed or Surveys
performance necessary monitoring
areas. 6 Health of health hazards
 Health
Maintenance controls by end of Hazards Jan 01 to
Program 2010. Control Dec 31
Equipment
5 To have implemented  Educational
needed information Jan 01 to
campaigns on Health Campaigns Mar 31
by 1st qtr.  Health
6 To have implemented Maintenanc
the required Health e Program
Maintenance Program Jan 01 to
for all personnel by 1st Mar 31
qtr.
 Program Key Performance Specific Objectives Person/s Support Time
Element Areas Activities/Action Steps Responsible Needed Frame
Objective/s
To have B FIRST AID A First Aid H&S Com Top MGNT
established 1 Established 1 To have established HR Manager Managers & Jan 01 to
and Procedure for procedures for Safety & Supervisors Mar 31
implemented Emergencies health emergencies Health
an effective 2 Supervisory by 1st qtr. Officer
program on Budget:
Health Training on First 2 To have P60T
Control & Aid implemented (meals,
Services 3 First Aid Supervisory handouts & Jan 01 to
within the Facilities & Training on First Aid training fee) Jun 30
year 2010 Equipment by 2nd qtr
that includes 4 Qualified First 3 To have procured Logistics
necessary First Aid Budget:
the following Aid Attendants Manager Jan 01 to
key Facilities & P30T (cost
5 Communications Equipment by 2nd of Jun 30
performance
areas. 6 Records qtr. equipment)
4 To have hired
qualified First Aid HR Manager Jan 01 to
attendants by 3rd Sep 30
qtr.
5 To have established H&S Com
communication Budget:
procedures & P10T (cost Jan 01 to
acquired of Mar 31
communication equipment)
devices by 1st qtr.
6 To have maintained Health
necessary records & Officer Jan 01 to
documents by 2010. Dec 31