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Lecture # 5: Stresses Between Soil Particles

1. The document discusses different types of stresses in soil including vertical stress, lateral stress, pore water pressure, and effective stress. 2. It explains how to calculate total, vertical, and effective stresses at different depths and saturation conditions. 3. The concept of horizontal effective stress at rest is introduced using Poisson's ratio and the relationship to vertical effective stress. 4. Shear strength parameters such as cohesion and friction angle are defined using direct shear test results. 5. Principal stresses and planes are related to Mohr's circle and the direction of shear stresses on failure planes.

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35 views24 pages

Lecture # 5: Stresses Between Soil Particles

1. The document discusses different types of stresses in soil including vertical stress, lateral stress, pore water pressure, and effective stress. 2. It explains how to calculate total, vertical, and effective stresses at different depths and saturation conditions. 3. The concept of horizontal effective stress at rest is introduced using Poisson's ratio and the relationship to vertical effective stress. 4. Shear strength parameters such as cohesion and friction angle are defined using direct shear test results. 5. Principal stresses and planes are related to Mohr's circle and the direction of shear stresses on failure planes.

Uploaded by

abcdef456
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture # 5

Chapter 5
Stresses Between Soil Particles
Soil Stresses

Z

Z or Vertical Stress, V
X
 Y or Lateral or
Y
Z Horizontal
X or Longitudinal or
Stress, H
Horizontal Stress
Geostatic Stresses

1 h1
Z T,1
2 t0
H h2 T,2 Horizontal Surface
& No surface loading
3 H
Vertical Force h3 T,3
Equilibrium:
+
 z = V
  A=0
 𝛾𝑇,𝑖𝑉 𝑖
∑ 𝐴 =𝜎 𝑍 𝐴 / 𝐴
 
∑ 𝛾𝑇 ,𝑖 h𝑖=𝜎 𝑍 (total stress)
Vertical Effective Stress

u P
 +
∑ 𝐹𝑉 =∑ 𝑃𝑖 +𝑢 𝐴𝑉
 

 Fv / A =  Pi /A + u AV / A
v ’v u
v = ‘v + u
Where A = Av + Ac
Ac = Area of contacts  zero
Pore Pressure:
Hydrostatic (No Flowing Water)

Heads:
Z -Elevation head, he (distance
hp C hp D Above datum)
C D - Pressure head, hp
he C he D F
(distance water rises in open
Datum
stand pipe)
- Total head, hT = he + hp
hT C= he C+ hp C = hT D = he D+ hp D

u = w Z

For example groundwater table 215ft


Point of interest is at 190 ft
u = (215-190ft)x 62.4 lb/ft3 =1560 psf
Vertical Effective Stress Example

Moist Sand 10’


T = 110pcf
1100 psf
10’ x 110 pcf = 1100 psf

Saturated Sand 15’ - =


Sat = 120 pcf
U = 15’ x 62.4=936psf
10’ x 110 pcf + 15’ x 120pcf= 2900 psf 1964 psf
Pore Pressure, u Vertical Effective Stress
Total Vertical Stress, v ’v
Insitu Effective Horizontal Stress
At Rest Stress State
W
W’

H v =  / H
H = (W ’ – W) / W = 0
L = 0
E = Young’s Modulus 1
 = Poisson’s Ratio = - H / v  v   ' v     ' H   ' L  
E
1
H
1
  ' H     'V   ' L    0  L   ' L     'V   ' H    0
E E

 ' H     'V   ' L   ' L     'V   ' H 



1     '
2
H   1     'V  'H   'L 
1   
 'V  K 0  ' v
Example: Horizontal Stresses
Direct Shear Test
P

A =cross-sectional
T Area

T
Shear Strength, S = Tf / A

 = friction angle of soil


Tf3
Tf3/A
Lateral Load, T Tf2
Tf2/A
Tf1/A Tf1

c= cohesion
P1/A P2/A P3/A
Normal Stress,  = P/A Horizontal Displacement
Principal Stresses & Planes
Pole of Mohr Circle

 Pole: Line through Op and any


Point A of circle will be parallel
To the plane on which the stresses
3 A Op Given by pt A act.
1


P

3
 A =cross-sectional
N = P/A
1 Area
T

 = T/A 
T
Chapter 6
Shear Resistance Between Soil Particles

N

Tmax= N x f=coefficient of friction

N
qu = Normal Stress to
cause yielding
qu qu qu

¿𝑞 𝑢 ∑ 𝐴 𝑐𝑖 =𝑞 𝑢 𝐴 𝑐
 

N ↑  Ac ↑
m = s = shear strength of
juncture
Adhesion Theory of Friction
-Summary-

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