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STAT 1043 Statistics: Week 7

This document discusses various measures of position including quartiles, percentiles, and deciles. It provides definitions and formulas for calculating these measures from both raw and grouped data sets. Examples are included to demonstrate calculating the first, second, and third quartiles, as well as specific percentiles and deciles from given data. The key measures of position - quartiles, percentiles, and deciles - divide a distribution into quarters, hundredths, and tenths, respectively.

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Jerome Lingan
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128 views23 pages

STAT 1043 Statistics: Week 7

This document discusses various measures of position including quartiles, percentiles, and deciles. It provides definitions and formulas for calculating these measures from both raw and grouped data sets. Examples are included to demonstrate calculating the first, second, and third quartiles, as well as specific percentiles and deciles from given data. The key measures of position - quartiles, percentiles, and deciles - divide a distribution into quarters, hundredths, and tenths, respectively.

Uploaded by

Jerome Lingan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STAT 1043

Statistics
Week 7
MEASURES of
POSITION
LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:


1. Interpret the different of measures of position;
2. Compare the different of measures of position;
3. Compute the different measures of position; and
4. Make generalizations from a given set of data applying
measures of position; and
5. Apply the concept of measures of position to real life
situations.
QUARTILES
A quartile is a measure of relative standing. Let x1, x2, …xn be a set of
n measurements arranged in order of magnitude.

The first quartile, Q1, is the value of x that exceeds one-fourth of the
measurements and is less than the remaining three-fourths.

The second quartile, Q2, is the median.

The third quartile, Q3 is the value of x that exceeds three-fourths of the


measurement and is less than one-fourth.
QUARTILES
 
RULES
When the measurements are arranged in order of magnitude, that is
increasing or decreasing;

When and are not integers, the quartile are found by interpolation.
EXAMPLE 1

Find of the following set of data.

19 12 16 0 14 9 6 1 12 13 10 19 7 5 8
EXAMPLE 1
 
STEP 1 Arrange the data from lowest to highest.
0 1 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 12 13 14 16 19 19

Q1 Q2 Q3

STEP 2 Use the formula,


PERCENTILES
 
Percentiles are position measures used in educational and health-
related fields to indicate the position of an individual in a group. It is
symbolized by and divide the distribution into 100 groups.

The percentile corresponding to a given value x is computed by using


the formula:
EXAMPLE 1

Find the percentile rank of a test score of 49 in the data set.

12 28 35 42 47 49 50
EXAMPLE 1
 
STEP 1 Arrange the data in order from lowest to highest. Then
substitute in the formula.
12 28 35 42 47 49 50

STEP 2 Use the formula,


EXAMPLE 2

The following are scores in a Statistics test. Find the value


corresponding to the 25th percentile.

2 3 5 6 8 10 12 15 18 20
EXAMPLE 1
 
STEP 1 Arrange the data set from lowest to highest. Compute ,
where n is the total number of values and p is the percentile.

2 3 5 6 8 10 12 15 18 20
STEP 2 Use the formula,
P25

Since c is not a whole number, round it up to the next whole number; in this
case, . Therefore, the 25th percentile is the 3rd value which is 5.
DECILES
 

Divide the distribution into tenths or 10 equal parts. A data set has
nine deciles which is denoted by
Basically, the first decile, is the number that divides the bottom
10% of the data from the top 90%.
To obtain the deciles, divide the data set into tenths and then
determine the number dividing the tenths.
Note that the second quartile, fifth decile, and fiftieth percentile of
a data set are all the same and all equal to the median.
DECILES
 
Note that the second quartile, fifth decile, and fiftieth
percentile of a data set are all the same and all equal to the
median

Similarly,
EXAMPLE 1

Find the value corresponding to the 60th percentile for


the given data set.

80 68 53 58 76 73 85 88 91 79
EXAMPLE 1
 
STEP 1 Arrange the data from lowest to highest.
53 58 68 73 76 79 80 85 88 91
6th 7th
STEP 2 Use the formula,

Since the value of c is a whole number, use the value halfway between 6 and
6 + 1 values when counting from the lowest value – the 6th and 7th values.
The value halfway between 79 and 80 is . Hence, 79.5 corresponds to the 60th
percentile.
GROUPED DATA
 
For grouped data, the quartiles, deciles, or percentiles can be
determined using the following formula.

Where k is equal to
GROUPED DATA
 
For grouped data, the quartiles, deciles, or percentiles can be
determined using the following formula.

quartile, decile, or percentile


Lower
Lower boundary
boundary ofof the
the quartile,
quartile, decile
decile or
or percentile
percentile class
class
Total number of observations
Total number of observations
Class width
Class widthof the preceding class
Frequency
precedingdecile
Frequency of the quartile, class or percentile class
Frequency of the quartile, decile or percentile class
GROUPED DATA

 
For instance, if we are looking for the 3rd quartile, , then
. Thus,

or if we are interested with the 70th percentile, , then


Thus,
EXAMPLE

Find the third quartile, 4th decile and 70th percentile for the
given frequency distribution below.
Class Boundaries Frequency < cf
52.5 – 63.5 6 6
63.5 – 74.5 12 18
74.5 – 85.5 25 43
85.5 – 96.5 28 71
96.5 – 107.5 14 85
107.5 – 118.5 5 90
EXAMPLE 1
 
STEP 1 Determine the Q3 class

The 68th observation is the class with interval 85.5 – 96.5.

STEP 2 Solve for Q3


EXAMPLE 1
 
STEP 1 Determine the D4 class

The 3observation is the class with interval 74.5 – 85.5.

STEP 2 Solve for D4


EXAMPLE 1
 
STEP 1 Determine the P70 class

The 63rd observation is the class with interval 85.5 – 96.5.

STEP 2 Solve for P70

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