Major Project Presentation

On

SHORT CIRCUIT DETECTION AND ALERTING

SYSTEM THROUGH GPS AND GSM

Presentation By:
A.BALA TRIPURANJALI 16BH1A0403
Under the Guidance of: B.RAM PRASAD 16BH1A0419
S.KISHOR KRISHNA KUMAR M.Tech(Ph.D) K.MOUNIKA
Assistant Professor 16BH1A0463
B.HARIBABU
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
16BH1A0418
ST.MARY’S ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE, NEW DELHI. & Affiliated to JNTU-HYDERABAD)
DESHMUKHI (V), POCHAMPALLY (M), YADADRI-BHUVANIGIRI (D) – 508 248
[2016-2020]
 OBJECTIVE

To detect the short circuit and alert the surroundings in

order to avoid the major loss and damage.

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 INTRODUCTION
Electricity is the major power source for all Home and Industrial applications but short circuiting of this

power source can cause a severe damage to the surroundings.

Short circuit is a condition where electrical flow completes its circuit journey through short distance

present in established wiring causing damage inside the wiring.

This short circuit occurs in conditions due to:

1. Overloading Flow of Current

2. Contact of Positive and Negative Poles

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 Overloading Flow of Current Contact of Positive and Negative
Poles

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 Power Supply

GPS
MQ-2(Smoke
Sensor)
GSM

Short

BLOCK Circuit MSP430

Red LED
Detector Launchpad

DIAGRAM Green LED

Current
Sensor BUZZER

Relay
9V Battery
(for overloading)

Exhaust Fan
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 MSP430 LAUNCHPAD
• The MSP430 is a mixed-signal microcontroller family from Texas
Instruments. Built around a 16-bit CPU, the MSP430 is designed for low
cost and, specifically, low power consumption embedded applications.
SPECIFICATIONS:
• CPU Architecture: 16bit RISC architecture
• Frequency of operation: Upto16MHz
• Flash Memory: 16 KB
• RAM: 512 Bytes
• Programmable I/O Pins: 16
• Timers: 2-16bit
6 • Operating Voltage Range: (3.3 – 15)V
 MSP430 PinOut:

• P1.0 to P1.7 & P2.0 TO P2.5 : General

Purpose I/O Pins
• P1.3: Button used for general purpose
interfacing during operation.
• P1.0 & P1.6: LEDs used for general purpose
indication during operation.
• Xin & Xout: used for connecting external
crystal oscillator.
• RST/NMI: Used as Rest or Non Maskable
Interrupt Pin

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 MSP430 Development Board:

Crystal Pads: A crystal oscillator can be soldered

here for providing more accurate clock source.
6-pin Ez430 Connector: Provides a bridge
between Emulator board and Microcontroller
breakout board. Can be disconnected to isolate
both sections of the PCB.
Power Connector: Can used to connect external
power source after programming

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 CURRENT SENSOR:
A current sensor is a device that detects electric current in a wire and
generates a signal proportional to that current.
It works on the principle of “Hall Effect”.

SPECIFICATIONS:
• Measures both AC and DC current
• Supply Voltage: 4.5V ~ 5.5V DC
• Measure Current Range: -30A ~ 30A
• Sensitivity: 100mV/A
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 CURRENT SENSOR PINOUT:

• VCC: Input voltage is +5V for typical applications

• Output: Outputs Analog voltage proportional to current
• Ground: Connected to ground of circuit
• Wire In and Wire Out: The wire through current has to be measured is connected
here

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 MQ-2 GAS SENSOR:
The Grove - Gas Sensor(MQ2) module is useful for gas leakage
detection (home and industry). It is suitable for detecting H2, LPG, CH4,
CO, Alcohol, Smoke or Propane. In our project MQ-2 is used to
detect smoke ejected when wires gets burned.

SPECIFICATIONS:
• Operating Voltage is +5V
• Analog output voltage: 0V to 5V
• Can be used as a Digital or analog sensor
• The Sensitivity of Digital pin can be varied using the
11 potentiometer.
 MQ-2 Pin Out:

VCC: This pin powers the module, typically the operating voltage is +5V.
Ground: Used to connect the module to system ground
Digital Out: You can also use this sensor to get digital output from this pin, by
setting a threshold value using the potentiometer
Analog Out: This pin outputs 0-5V analog voltage based on the intensity of the
gas.

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 SHORT CIRCUIT DETECTOR:

In our project we have introduced a simple Short Circuit Detector using fencing which is used to detect positive
negative pole contact which causes short circuit.
Construction: 2 copper wires are placed parallel to each other with an inch gap between them and
perpendicular on to the stands.

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 One of the wires is treated as negative pole and other is treated as positive. The positive wire is
connected to power supply i.e., Vcc. The negative wire is connected to the ground of the supply
through a resistor and also to the microcontroller’s pin P1.0.

Working: The grounded wire acts as a voltage divider as the voltage coming to it is divided to
the controller and also to the resistor attached to the ground. In this Short Circuit detector when
the two wires are made touch each other a pulse is sent to the controller.
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 This pulse sent to the controller treated as short circuit input and results in the detection of short
circuit. When the two wires have no contact then there will no information to the microcontroller
regarding short circuit

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 GSM:
• GSM Stands for Global System for Mobile Communications.
• The SIM900A is a readily available GSM/GPRS module, used in many mobile phones.

SPECIFICATIONS:
• Single supply voltage: 3.4V – 4.5V
• Uses TDMA Technique
• Supports Quad-Band Transmission.
• Power saving mode: Typical power consumption in SLEEP mode
is 1.5mA
• Short message service (SMS)
16 • Supports MIC and Audio Input
 GPS:
GPS stands for Global Positioning System. The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally NAVSTAR GPS,
is a satellite-based radio-navigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the
United States Space Force

SPECIFICATIONS:
• Supply Voltage: 2.7 to 3.3 VDC.
• Sensitivity: -160dBm
• Maximum DC current at any output: 10mA
• Standalone GPS receiver
• Position Accuracy: 2 Meters and better with multiple good satellite
signals.
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 GPS PINOUT:

Vcc: Positive power pin

Rx: UART receive pin
Tx: UART transmit pin
GND: Ground

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 LEDs:
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows
through it. For Red LED Forward Voltage is 1.63 ~ 2.03V and for Green LED it is 1.9 ~ 4.0V.

Pins:
Anode: Positive terminal of LED
Cathode: Negative terminal of LED

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 RELAY:
• A relay is an electrically operated switch.
• Relays control one electrical circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit.

SPECIFICATIONS:
Trigger Voltage (Voltage across coil) : 5V DC
Trigger Current (Nominal current) : 70mA
Maximum AC load current: 10A @ 125-250V AC
Maximum DC load current: 10A @ 28-30V DC
Operating time: 10msec Release time: 5msec
Maximum switching: 300 operating/minute (mechanically)

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 RELAY PINOUT:
Coil End 1: Used to trigger(On/Off) the Relay, Normally one end is connected to 5V and the other end to
ground.
Coil End 2: Used to trigger(On/Off) the Relay, Normally one end is connected to 5V and the other end to
ground
Common (COM): Common is connected to one End of the Load that is to be controlled
Normally Close (NC): The other end of the load is either connected to NO or NC. If connected to NC the
load remains connected before trigger
Normally Open (NO): The other end of the load is either connected to NO or NC. If connected to NO the
load remains disconnected before trigger

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 PIEZO-BUZZER:

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device. It works on the principle of Reverse Piezo-Electric Effect. It is
used for alerting the surroundings people with a loud noise.

SPECIFICATIONS:
• Operating Voltage: 4-8V DC
• Rated Voltage: 6V DC
• Sound Type: Continuous Beep

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 EXHAUST FAN:
Exhaust fans are used to pull excess moisture and unwanted odors out of a particular room or area.
In our project exhaust fan is used to eject smoke released due short circuit and burning of wires from the interior.

SPECIFICATIONS:
• Rated Voltage: 12V DC
• RPM: 2500

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 BATTERY (9 Volts):
• The 9V Battery is common size of batteries that was introduced for the early transistors,
radios.
• It is commonly used in walkie-talkies, clocks, smoke detectors etc
• It provides Constant 9V Output till lasts
• It has a Metal Jack body
• It is Easy to install and Replace

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 ENERGIA IDE:
• Energia is an open-source electronics prototyping
platform
• Energia comes divided into two parts
Setup – Components used in the project are defined here
(Sensors and Actuators)
Loop – Logic should be written here to perform
continuously.

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 ADVANTAGES
AND APPLICATIONS:

• Reduces the risk of damage and fire accidents.

• Increases safety and protects people from injuries.
• Necessary to prevent further damage caused due to the short circuit
• Mainly used in Home and Industrial applications.
• Even in the absence of power supply this system runs through a alternative power
backup (backup battery)

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 DISADVANTAGES:

• One drawback is that it can only alert the surrounding about a short circuit accident but

cannot

fix the issue on its own i.e., it requires manual fixing.

• Depending on the cellular connectivity of the SIM used it may make a delay in sending of the

SMS through GSM, very good signal probability SIM must be used in GSM

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 CONCLUSION
:
• A system to detect electrical short circuit has been developed which can detect all the
possible causes of short circuit.
• By Short Circuit Detection Using GSM and GPS system we can detect and alert or resolve the
following causes of short circuit:
*Short circuit caused due to the positive and negative pole touching each other,
*Short circuit caused due to overloading current flow on the main power supply and
*Smoke released by wires burning due to short circuit accident.

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 FUTURE SCOPE:

• Short circuit due to overloading is caused by the overloading flow of current at the load end, by

keeping an alert at a particular overload current reading this project can be also used to

prevent from the short circuit occurring. By getting this alert one can manually fix the issue.

• Short circuit fixing automated robots can be designed to automatically fix an already occurred

short circuit. This lowers the manpower usage for fixing short circuit

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 RESULT:
Short Detection and Alerting System Through GPS and GSM system has been developed and
following show the result:

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THANK
YOU!!!