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Asic Ivil & Echanical Ngineering: B C M E

The document provides an overview of basic civil and mechanical engineering topics including foundations, masonry, beams, columns, roofs, bridges, dams and more. It discusses foundation types like shallow spread, deep pile and pier foundations. Masonry topics covered include brick bonds, stone dressing and rubble/ashlar stone masonry. Structural elements like beams, columns, lintels and roof types are described. Bridges discussed include RCC slab, T-beam, arch, truss and suspension bridges. Dam types explained are gravity, arch, buttress, earth and rock fill dams.

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Chandramohan G
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83 views131 pages

Asic Ivil & Echanical Ngineering: B C M E

The document provides an overview of basic civil and mechanical engineering topics including foundations, masonry, beams, columns, roofs, bridges, dams and more. It discusses foundation types like shallow spread, deep pile and pier foundations. Masonry topics covered include brick bonds, stone dressing and rubble/ashlar stone masonry. Structural elements like beams, columns, lintels and roof types are described. Bridges discussed include RCC slab, T-beam, arch, truss and suspension bridges. Dam types explained are gravity, arch, buttress, earth and rock fill dams.

Uploaded by

Chandramohan G
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Civil & Mechanical

Engineering
S.MAYAKANNAN
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Nandha College of Technology
Erode – 52.
Part – A
Civil Engineering
Overview
Foundations

Brick & Stone Masonry


Beams
Columns
Lintels
Roofing
Flooring
Plastering

Mechanics

Bridges
Dams
Interior Design & Landscaping
Components of a Building
Foundations
Foundations
Foundations or Substructures

Plain cement concrete bed or lime concrete bed – 30mm


thick

2 or 3 masonry footings

30% of construction cost on foundation


Soils
Classification of Soils
IS Classification
Coarse grained soils
 Grave (G)
 Sand (S)
Fine grained soils
 Silts (M)
 Clays (C)
Particle Sizes
Boulder
Gravel
Silt
Cobble
Sand
Clay
Soils cont…
Bearing capacity of Soil

Bearing Capacity of Soil

Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Soil

Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil

Allowable Soil Pressure


Requirements of Good Foundations
Loads on Foundations – Dead, Live and Wind Loads
Safe Bearing Capacity Factor
Depth of Foundation
Level surface for Super Structure
Stability Requirements
Safety against Natural Events
Control of Differential Settlement
Safety against Volume Changes in the Soils
Careful Design of the Invisible Foundation
Safe Location
Sub-surface Investigation
Selection of Foundation System
Types of Foundations

FOUNDATIONS

SHALLOW DEEP MACHINE

SPREAD PILES

MAT OR RAFT PIERS

WELL
Shallow Foundations – Spread Type
Wall Footings – Simple Footing
Shallow Foundations – Spread Type
Shallow Foundations – Spread Type
Wall Footings – Stepped Footing
Shallow Foundations – Spread Type
Shallow Foundations – Spread Type
Shallow Foundations – Spread Type
Isolated or Column or Individual Footings
Shallow Foundations – Spread Type
Shallow Foundations – Spread Type
Shallow Foundations – Spread Type
Shallow Foundations – Spread Type
Combined Footings - Rectangular
Shallow Foundations – Spread Type
Combined Footings – Trapezoidal
Shallow Foundations – Spread Type
Shallow Foundations – Spread Type
Continuous Footing
Shallow Foundations – Spread Type
Shallow Foundations – RAFT or MAT Type
Shallow Foundations – RAFT or MAT Type
Deep Foundations – PILE Type
Deep Foundations – PILE Type cont…
Deep Foundations – PILE Type
Deep Foundations – PILE Type
Deep Foundations – PIER Type
Deep Foundations – PIER Type
Deep Foundations – PIER Type
Deep Foundations – PIER Type
Deep Foundations – WELL Type
Deep Foundations – WELL Type
Machine Foundation
Machine Foundation cont…
Machine Foundation cont…
Machine Foundation cont…
Superstructure
Superstructure of a building is the portion of the structure above the
foundation

It includes :
Masonry walls – bricks & stones
Beams
Columns
Lintels
Roof slab
Flooring
Plastering
Doors
Windows
Ventilators
Sunshades
Balcony
Sit- out, etc
Brick Masonry
Brick Masonry - Terminology
Header
Stretcher
Course
Header course
Stretcher course
Bed
Bed joint
Lap
Quoin
Perpends
Arrises
Frog
Brick bat
Closer
King closer
Queen closer
Bevelled closer
Squint
Brick Masonry - Terminology
Brick Masonry - Terminology
Brick Masonry - Terminology
Brick Masonry – Bonds in Brickwork
HEADER BOND
Brick Masonry – Bonds in Brickwork
STRETCHER BOND
Brick Masonry – Bonds in Brickwork
ENGLISH BOND – One Brick
Brick Masonry – Bonds in Brickwork
ENGLISH BOND – One and a Half Brick
Brick Masonry – Bonds in Brickwork
Flemish Bond – Double – One Brick
Brick Masonry – Bonds in Brickwork
Flemish Bond – Double – One and a Half Brick
Brick Masonry – Bonds in Brickwork
Flemish Bond – Single – One and a Half Brick
Brick Masonry – Bonds in Brickwork
Raking Bonds
Stone Masonry
Stone Masonry
Dressing of stones

Hammer Dressing

Chisel Dressing

Axed Finish

Polished Finish
Stone Masonry - Terminology
Natural bed
Plinth
Course
String course
Lacing course
Quoin
Spalls
Bed joint
Corbel
Pin header
Stone Masonry - Terminology
Cornice Reveals
Sill Hearting
Coping Lintels or heads
Throating Cramp
Weathering
Through stones or bond stones
Jambs
Stone Masonry – Rubble Type
Random Rubble Type
Stone Masonry – Rubble Type
Squared Rubble Type
Stone Masonry – Ashlar Type
Fine Type
Stone Masonry – Ashlar Type
Fine Type
Stone Masonry – Random Rubble Type
Stone Masonry – Random Coursed Type
Stone Masonry – Squared Type
Stone Masonry – Ashlar Type
BEAMS
BEAMS
BEAMS – Cantilever Type
BEAMS – Cantilever Type
BEAMS – Continuous Type
BEAMS – Simply Supported Type
BEAMS – Overhanging Type
BEAMS - TYPES
Simply Supported Beam
BEAMS - TYPES
Fixed Beam
BEAMS - TYPES
Cantilever Beam
BEAMS - TYPES
Continuous Beam
BEAMS - TYPES
Overhanging Beam
BEAMS - TYPES
Singly Reinforced Beam
BEAMS - TYPES
Doubly Reinforced Beam
Types of Loadings on Beams
Columns
Columns
Columns – Square/Rectangular/Circular Type
Spirally Reinforced Column
Steel Columns or Stanchions
LINTELS – Reinforced Concrete Type
Interior Door Opening
LINTELS – Reinforced Concrete Type
Exterior Door Opening
LINTELS – Reinforced Concrete Type
Effective Load on Lintel
ROOFING – FLAT ROOFS
ROOFING – SLOPING OR PITCHED TYPE
Single Roof – Lean-to Roof
ROOFING – SLOPING OR PITCHED TYPE
Single Roof – Coupled Roof
ROOFING – SLOPING OR PITCHED TYPE
Single Roof – Coupled Close Roof
ROOFING – SLOPING OR PITCHED TYPE
Single Roof – Collar Beam Roof
ROOFING – SLOPING OR PITCHED TYPE
Double or Purlin Roof
ROOFING – TRUSSED ROOFS – KING POST TRUSS
ROOFING – CURVED
Bridge
Bridge
Bridge
Components a Bridge
R.C.C Bridges – Slab Type
R.C.C Bridges – T-Beam and Slab Type
R.C.C Bridges – Continuous Type
R.C.C Bridges – Balanced Cantilever Type
R.C.C Bridges – Arch Type
R.C.C Bridges – Rigid Frame Type
Steel Truss Bridges
Steel Truss Bridges cont…
Steel Arch Bridges
Steel Rigid Frame Bridges
Steel Bow-String Girder Bridge
Suspension Bridge
Movable Bascule Bridge
Culvert – R.C.C Slab Type
Pipe Culvert – R.C.C Slab Type
Culvert – R.C.C Slab Type
Culvert – Pipe Type
Culvert – Box Type
Culvert – Arch Type
Culvert – Steel Girder Type
Causeways
Components of a Dam
Gravity Dam
Arch Dam
R.C.C Buttress Dam
Earth Dam – Homogeneous Embankment
Earth Dam – Zoned Embankment
Earth Dam – Diaphragm Type Embankment
Rock Fill Dam

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