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CSE4135 Web Programming: Lecturer: Md. Rakib Hasan

The document provides an overview of the internet, including: - A brief history of the internet from its origins as ARPANET in the 1960s-1970s to the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989-1991. - Explanations of key aspects like TCP/IP, URLs, HTTP, web browsers, servers, and languages used to develop content like HTML, CSS, PHP, and JavaScript. - Descriptions of organizations that help govern the internet like ICANN and the IETF.

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56 views25 pages

CSE4135 Web Programming: Lecturer: Md. Rakib Hasan

The document provides an overview of the internet, including: - A brief history of the internet from its origins as ARPANET in the 1960s-1970s to the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989-1991. - Explanations of key aspects like TCP/IP, URLs, HTTP, web browsers, servers, and languages used to develop content like HTML, CSS, PHP, and JavaScript. - Descriptions of organizations that help govern the internet like ICANN and the IETF.

Uploaded by

abu syed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CSE4135 1

CSE4135
WEB PROGRAMMING
Lecturer: Md. Rakib Hasan
15 The INTERNET… and a bit of history

CSE4135
What is the internet?
3

 A “series of tubes”
 How many Internets are out there?
 Is Google one of them?

CSE4135
What is the internet?
4

 A collection of computer networks that use a


protocol to exchange data
 Is the World Wide Web (WWW) and the internet
the same?

CSE4135
Brief history
5

 Began as a US Department of Defense


network called ARPANET (1960s-70s)
 Packet switching (in the 60s)

 E-mail is born on 1971

 TCP/IP beginning on 1974 (Vinton Cerf)

 USENET (1979)

 By 1987: Internet includes

nearly 30,000 hosts

CSE4135
Brief history (cont.)
6

 WWW created in 1989-91 by Tim Berners-Lee


 Popular web browsers released:
 Netscape 1994
 IE 1995
 Amazon.com opens in 1995
 Google January 1996
 Wikipedia launched in 2001
 MySpace opens in 2003
 Facebook February 2004
CSE4135
 Wikipedia launched in 2001
 MySpace opens in 2003
 Facebook February 2004

7 CS380
The future of the internet?
8

CSE4135
Key aspects of the internet
9

 Sub-networks are independent


 Computers can dynamically join and leave the
network
 Built on open standards
 Lack of centralized control (mostly)
 Everyone can use it with simple, commonly
available software

CSE4135
People and organizations
10

 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): internet


protocol standards
 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN): decides top-level domain
names
 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): web
standards

CSE4135
Layered architecture

11 CS380
Internet Protocol (IP)
12

 Simple protocol for data exchange between


computers
 IP Addresses:
 32-bit for IPv5
 128-bit for IPv6

CS380
Transmission Control Protocol
13
(TCP)
 Adds multiplexing, guaranteed message delivery on
top of IP
 Multiplexing: multiple programs using the same IP
address
 Port: a number given to each program or service
 port 80: web browser (port 443 for secure browsing)
 port 25: email
 port 22: ssh
 Some programs (games, streaming media programs)
use simpler UDP protocol instead of TCP
ICT-705
Web Servers
14

 Web server: software that listens for web page


requests
 Apache
 Microsoft Internet

Information Server (IIS)

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Application Server
15

 Software framework that provides an environment


where applications can run
 Apache
 Glassfish
 WebSphere
 WebLogic

CSE4135
Web Browser
16

 Web browser: fetches/displays documents from


web servers
 Mozilla Firefox
 Microsoft Internet Explorer (IE)
 Apple Safari
 Google Chrome
 Opera

CSE4135
Domain Name Server (DNS)
17

 Set of servers that map written names to IP


addresses
 Example: ju.edu → 204.29.160.73
 Many systems maintain a local cache called a hosts
file
 Windows: C:\Windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts
 Mac: /private/etc/hosts
 Linux: /etc/hosts

CSE4135
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
18

 Identifier for the location of a document on a web


site
 Example: http://dept.ju.edu/cs/index.html
 Upon entering this URL into the browser, it would:
 ask the DNS server for the IP address of dept.ju.edu
 connect to that IP address at port 80
 ask the server to GET /cs/index.html
 display the resulting page on the screen

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19

Simple URL

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20

Complex URL

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Hypertext Transport Protocol
21
(HTTP)
 Set of commands understood by a web server and
sent from a browser
 Some HTTP commands (your browser sends these
internally):
 GET filename : download
 POST filename : send a web form response
 PUT filename : upload
 Exercise: simulate a browser with a terminal
window
CSE4135
HTTP Error Codes
22

 When something goes wrong, the web server


returns a special "error code" number
 Common error codes:
Number Meaning
200 OK
page has moved (permanently or
301-303
temporarily)
you are forbidden to access this
403
page
404 page not found
500 internal server error
CSE4135
Internet Media (“MIME”) types
23

MIME type file extension


text/html .html
text/plain .txt
image/gif .gif
image/jpeg .jpg
video/quicktime .mov
application/octet-stream .exe

CSE4135
Web Languages
24

 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): used for


writing web pages
 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS): stylistic info for
web pages
 PHP Hypertext Processor (PHP): dynamically
create pages on a web server
 JavaScript: interactive and programmable web
pages

CSE4135
Web Languages(cont.)
25

 Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (Ajax):


accessing data for web applications
 eXtensible Markup Language (XML): meta-
language for organizing data

CSE4135

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