Scribd
Upload
310 views10 pages

Engineering Operations Research: Text Book: Operations Research: An Introduction Hamdy A. Taha

Operations research (OR) is a scientific approach to determine the optimal solution to decision problems given limited resources. It involves defining the problem, constructing a mathematical model, solving the model, validating the model, and implementing the solution. A model contains decision variables, an objective function, and constraints. Two examples are provided: (1) determining production levels to maximize profit given time and demand constraints and (2) determining feed mix to minimize cost given nutrient requirements.

Uploaded by

MohamedAhmedAbdelaziz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
310 views10 pages

Engineering Operations Research: Text Book: Operations Research: An Introduction Hamdy A. Taha

Operations research (OR) is a scientific approach to determine the optimal solution to decision problems given limited resources. It involves defining the problem, constructing a mathematical model, solving the model, validating the model, and implementing the solution. A model contains decision variables, an objective function, and constraints. Two examples are provided: (1) determining production levels to maximize profit given time and demand constraints and (2) determining feed mix to minimize cost given nutrient requirements.

Uploaded by

MohamedAhmedAbdelaziz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Engineering Operations

Research

Text Book: Operations


Research: An Introduction
Hamdy A. Taha

1
Introduction

Operations Research (OR)


It is a scientific approach to determine the optimum
(best) solution to a decision problem under the restriction
of limited resources. Using the mathematical techniques
to model, analyze, and solve the problem.

Phases of OR
1. Definition of the problem includes:-
• The description of the variables
decision
(unknowns)
• The determination of the objective of the study
• The specification of the limitations under which
the modeled system operates. 6
2. Model Construction
Translating the world problem into
real mathematical
relationships (the most suitable
model to represent the system, linear
programming, dynamic programming, integer
programming, etc..………..)

3. Model Solution
Using well-defined optimization techniques.
An important aspect of model
solution is sensitivity analysis.

3
4.Model validity
Testing and evaluation of the model. A common
method for testing a validity of a model is to
compare its performance with some past data
available for the actual system.
5.Implementation of the solution
Implementation of the solution of validated model
involves the translation of the model's results into
instructions issued in understandable form to the
individual(s) in charge

4
Basic components of the model

1. Decision Variables
It is the unknown to be determined from the solution
of a model (what does the model seek to
determine?). It is one of the specific decisions made
by a decision maker (DM).(Schedule, production,
inventory,, etc..)

2. Objective Function
It is the end result (goal) desired to be achieved by
the system. A common objective is to maximize
profit or minimize cost. It is expressed as a
mathematical function of the system decision
variables. 5
3.Constraints
These are the limitations imposed on the
variables to satisfy the restriction of the modeled
system. They must be expressed as
mathematical functions of the system decision
variables (D.V.).

6
Example 1:

A company manufactures two products A&B. with


profits of 4 & 3 each unit. A&B take 3&2 minutes
respectively to be machined. The total time
available at machining department is 800 hours
(100 days or
20 weeks). A market research showed that at
least 10000 units of A and not more than 6000
units of B are needed. It is required to determine
the number of units of A&B to be produced to
maximize profit.

7
Problem Formulation
Decision variables

X1= number of units produced of A.


X2= number of units produced of
B.

Objective Function

Maximize Z= 4 X1 + 3 X2

Constraints 3 X1 + 2 X2 <= 800x60


X1 >=10000
X2 <=6000
X1, X2 >=0
12 8
Example 2: Feed mix problem
A farmer is interested in feeding his cattle at minimum
cost.
Two feeds are used A&B. Each cow must get at least
400 grams/day of protein, at least 800 grams/day of
carbohydrates, and not more than 100 grams/day of
fat. Given that A contains 10% protein, 80%
carbohydrates and 10% fat while B contains 40%
protein, 60% carbohydrates and no fat. A costs 2 $/kg,
and B costs 5 $/kg. Formulate the problem to
determine the optimum amount of each feed to
minimize cost.

9
Problem Formulation
Decision variables

X1= weight of feed A kg/day/animal


X2= weight of feed B kg/day/animal
Objective Function

Minimize Z= 2 X1 + 5 X2
Constraints

Protein 0.1 X1 + 0.4 X2 >=0.4


Carbohydrates 0.8 X1 + 0.6 X2 >=0.8
Fats 0.1 X1 <= 0.1
X 1, >=0
10

You might also like