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    Earth Materials and Processes, Lesson 5

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    Bayoyong Nhs
    This document discusses metamorphism and its effects on rock formation. Metamorphism is the process by which rocks undergo changes to their mineral composition and texture due to heat and pressure. There are three main types of metamorphism: contact metamorphism near igneous intrusions, dynamic metamorphism along fault zones, and regional metamorphism over broad areas due to crustal thickening. Rocks experience compression, tension, or shearing from different types of stresses in the Earth's crust, resulting in changes to the structure and shape of the rocks.

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    Earth Materials and Processes, Lesson 5

    Uploaded by

    Bayoyong Nhs
    333 views13 pages
    This document discusses metamorphism and its effects on rock formation. Metamorphism is the process by which rocks undergo changes to their mineral composition and texture due to heat and pressure. There are three main types of metamorphism: contact metamorphism near igneous intrusions, dynamic metamorphism along fault zones, and regional metamorphism over broad areas due to crustal thickening. Rocks experience compression, tension, or shearing from different types of stresses in the Earth's crust, resulting in changes to the structure and shape of the rocks.

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    Earth Materials and Processes, lesson 5

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    This document discusses metamorphism and its effects on rock formation. Metamorphism is the process by which rocks undergo changes to their mineral composition and texture due to heat and pressure. There are three main types of metamorphism: contact metamorphism near igneous intrusions, dynamic metamorphism along fault zones, and regional metamorphism over broad areas due to crustal thickening. Rocks experience compression, tension, or shearing from different types of stresses in the Earth's crust, resulting in changes to the structure and shape of the rocks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    333 views13 pages

    Earth Materials and Processes, Lesson 5

    Uploaded by

    Bayoyong Nhs
    This document discusses metamorphism and its effects on rock formation. Metamorphism is the process by which rocks undergo changes to their mineral composition and texture due to heat and pressure. There are three main types of metamorphism: contact metamorphism near igneous intrusions, dynamic metamorphism along fault zones, and regional metamorphism over broad areas due to crustal thickening. Rocks experience compression, tension, or shearing from different types of stresses in the Earth's crust, resulting in changes to the structure and shape of the rocks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Earth Materials and

    Processes, Earth and Life Science

    Metamorphism and Its Effects in Rock


    Formation
    Objectives

    • At the end of the discussion, you will be able to:


    • compare and contrast the formation of the different types of
    igneous rocks,
    • describe the changes in mineral components and texture of
    rocks due to changes in pressure and temperature, and
    • describe how rocks behave under different types of stress
    such as compression, pulling apart, and shearing.
    • Igneous come from the Latin word ignis which means heat or fire.
    Igneous rocks are formed when the magma or lava cools and
    solidifies. It may happen below (plutonic) or above (volcanic) the
    Earth’s surface.
    • Two Types of Igneous Rocks
    • Intrusive igneous rocks are formed when the magma hardens before
    an eruption occurs. Different rock materials allow the formation of
    intrusive igneous rocks. The most common example is granite. Granite
    is used in floor tiles and monuments.
    Extrusive igneous rocks
    are formed when the lava cools and solidifies on the
    Earth’s surface. The texture of these rocks is finer as
    compared to the intrusive igneous rocks. Due to slow
    cooling of the lava, large crystals are formed on the
    rocks. The most common example is basalt.
    Basalt is used for construction purposes such as
    pavements, railroads, and road base.
    Metamorphism of Rocks
    When you expose igneous rocks to intense heat and
    pressure, they could undergo Metamorphism is the
    process of change in the form and structure of rocks
    due to intense heat and pressure. It comes from the
    Greek word
    metamorphoun meaning transform or change shape.
    The rocks that undergo metamorphism are converted
    to metamorphic rocks.
    • Types of Metamorphism
    • Contact metamorphism is the process where the country rock
    adjacent to the igneous intrusions is altered by the high heat coming
    from the intrusions.
    • Country rocks are rocks surrounding the igneous intrusions. Igneous
    intrusions form when molten magma moves and seeps through
    fractures and in
    • between crystals of rocks. The zone of metamorphosis that surrounds
    the intrusions is called halo or aureole. Some examples of rocks that
    undergo contact metamorphism include marble and emery rock.
    • Dynamic metamorphism is the process where rocks along
    the fault zones are altered due to high pressure. The rocks
    that are formed with this type of metamorphism are called
    mylonites. Mylonites are compact, fine-grained rocks with
    thin laminations or layers.
    • Regional metamorphism is the most common form of
    metamorphism that occurs in broad areas. It is caused by
    high temperature and pressure that resulted from the
    thickening of the crust and plate tectonics
    • Types of Stresses in the Earth’s Crust
    • Compression causes the rocks to push or to collide with each other.
    This can make the rocks come together or make the plates rise.
    Mountains and hills could be formed when two plates collide.
    • Tension is the opposite of compression. The tension force pulls the
    rocks away from each other. This force created continental drifts and
    mid-ocean ridges. It moved the oceanic crust away from each other
    that resulted in the rising of less dense rocks coming from the mantle
    • Shear force pushes the crust in different directions. Shearing results in
    the breaking of the large parts of the crust into smaller sizes. This
    force always happens along the plate boundaries.
    • Plate boundaries are the location where the two plates meet. When
    the two plates rub each other and move in opposite directions, it
    creates friction. This friction leads to the shaking of the Earth’s ground
    or earthquake.

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