Project Review 1 Bus Tracking and Movement Information System

Project Review 1
Bus Tracking and movement

information system
Sireesh. Y (07891A1043)
R. Karthik Reddy (07891A1053)
M. N.Bhanu Teja (07891A1007)
Problem Statement
 To devise a system to track the movement of buses , and relays the

information regarding the position and the time in which it is expected to
reach the bus-stop to a display board.
Need for such a system
 Everyday in various bus stops, many people have to wait for their buses
without any information whatsoever regarding where the bus is, or in
how much time it is expected to come.
 There are time tables set for each bus route, but in today's age of erratic
traffic, it is impossible to maintain those schedules.
 To avoid this situation, we devise a system where a screen placed at the

bus stop displays the information about the location of the bus, and the
approximate time in which the bus is expected to reach the stop.
Systems in place earlier, and why this is
better.
 GPS tracking has been in use for quite some time now, but it still has
been a technology that hasn’t reached deep into the people, and has
been restricted to a limited market of large cargo transporters, and more
complex systems like the railways.
 The reason for this is that such technology has still been expensive to use
for such applications because of the accuracy required in such
applications, to calculate the speed.
 Also, GPS has one drawback that cannot be corrected without use of
external technology.GPS does not work well in cloudy weather, in
tunnels or such places where satellite signals may be obstructed.
 To overcome the disadvantage that is inherent in using GPS for speed
measurement, we use GPS only for location tracking, and measure speed
separately using a speedometer attached to the vehicle and send this
information to the bus stop using a GSM modem, thus we get the best of
both technologies.
 To explain the same thing in a more detailed way, let us say that we have
reduced the cost of our system by using a low accuracy GPS sensor, which
is sufficient for location tracking, but is insufficient for speed
measurement.
 To measure the speed without the disadvantages of GPS like connection

problems in cloudy weather etc, by using a speedometer in the vehicle to
measure the speed, and sending the information through GSM to the bus
stop.
Block Diagram of the overall system
Working
 The value measured by the speedometer is continually recorded by the

microcontroller at intervals of one second.
 The average speed of the vehicle is computed every two minutes by the
microcontroller.
 The location data is also refreshed every two minutes, and the
coordinates are recorded.
 The average speed and location is sent to the bus stop using a GSM
modem.
 The bus stop GSM modem receives the information sent by the bus
system.
 Based on the location coordinates sent by the bus, the microcontroller

calculates the distance from the bus to the stop.
 Also, the expected time to arrive is calculated by the average speed and
the distance.
 This way, because data is updated , real time information can be

displayed.
The Details
Internal working, and specifications of components used.
Speedometer system
There are two basic types of speedometers:
 Eddy current (analog) type.

 Electronic type.
Eddy current type:

 Using a rotating flexible cable usually driven by gearing linked to the tail
shaft (output) of the vehicle's transmission (most cars and buses).
 Using a cable driven from the front wheel (most motorcycles).
Eddy current speedometers working
 A small permanent magnet affixed to the rotating cable interacts with a

small aluminum cup (called a speedcup) attached to the shaft of the pointer
on the analogue instrument.
 As the magnet rotates near the cup, the changing magnetic field produces
eddy currents in the cup, which themselves produce another magnetic field.
 The effect is that the magnet "drags" the cup, and thus the speedometer
pointer, in the direction of its rotation with no mechanical connection
between them.
 The pointer shaft is held toward zero by a fine spring. The torque on the cup
increases with the speed of rotation of the magnet (which is driven by the
car's transmission.) Thus an increase in the speed of the car will twist the cup
and speedometer pointer against the spring.
 When the torque due to the eddy currents in the cup equals that
provided by the spring on the pointer shaft, the pointer will remain
motionless and pointing to the appropriate number on the
speedometer's dial.
 The return spring is calibrated such that a given revolution speed of the
cable corresponds to a specific speed indication on the speedometer.
 This calibration must take into account several factors, including ratios of
the tailshaft gears that drive the flexible cable, the final drive ratio in the
differential, and the diameter of the driven tyres.
Electronic speedometer working
 Many modern speedometers are electronic. A rotation sensor, usually

mounted on the rear of the transmission, delivers a series of electronic
pulses whose frequency corresponds to the rotational speed of the
driveshaft.
 The sensor is typically a toothed metal disk positioned between a coil

and a magnetic field sensor. As the disk turns, the teeth pass between
the two, each time producing a pulse in the sensor as they affect the
strength of the magnetic field it is measuring.
 Alternatively, some manufactures rely on pulses coming from the ABS

wheel sensors.
 A computer converts the pulses to a speed and displays this speed on an

electronically-controlled, analog-style needle or a digital display.
 Pulse counts may also be used to increment the odometer.
 Another early form of electronic speedometer relies upon the interaction

between a precision watch mechanism and a mechanical pulsator driven
by the car's wheel or transmission.
 The watch mechanism endeavors to push the speedometer pointer

toward zero, while the vehicle-driven pulsator tries to push it toward
infinity.
 The position of the speedometer pointer reflects the relative

magnitudes of the outputs of the two mechanisms.
How the speed value is given to the
microcontroller
 In case an electronic(digital) speedometer is used, the digital signal that
is used to drive the LCD display of the meter, is given to the
microcontroller, and the microcontroller is programmed to its
specifications.
 In case an analog type speedometer is used, an analog to digital

converter block has to be used before the signal can be given to the
microcontroller.
GPS (Global Positioning System)
 The Global Positioning System (GPS) is actually a constellation of 27
Earth-orbiting satellites (24 in operation and three extras in case one
fails).
 The U.S. military developed and implemented this satellite network as a

military navigation system, but soon opened it up to everybody else.
 Each of these solar-powered satellites circles the globe at about 12,000

miles (19,300 km), making two complete rotations every day. The orbits
are arranged so that at any time, anywhere on Earth, there are at least
four satellites "visible" in the sky.
 A GPS receiver's job is to locate four or more of these satellites, figure

out the distance to each, and use this information to deduce its own
location.
 This deduction of position is on basis of
latitude and longitude.
 We program the microcontroller to recognise
certain coordinates as certain locations.
 For example, the co-ordinates of Vignan
Institute of technology and science are
17°20'41"N 78°43'18"E. So, we will program
the microcontroller to recognize the
coordinates as VITS.
Components used
 Microcontroller: AT89S52 by Atmel

corporation.
 GPS module:
 GSM module:
 LCD display:
Planned proceedings of the project
 Literature survey of industry standards and

requirements of field equipment.
 Literature survey and preparation for
microcontroller programming.
 Selection of hardware like meters, display.
 Assembling of bus system onto a vehicle.
 Making of a location as the stop.
 Preparation of documentation for project and
seminar.
Thank you.

Project Review 1 Bus Tracking and Movement Information System

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Project Review 1 Bus Tracking and Movement Information System

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Project Review 1 Bus Tracking and Movement Information System

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Project Review 1

Bus Tracking and movement

 To devise a system to track the movement of buses , and relays the

 To avoid this situation, we devise a system where a screen placed at the

 To measure the speed without the disadvantages of GPS like connection

 The value measured by the speedometer is continually recorded by the

 Based on the location coordinates sent by the bus, the microcontroller

 This way, because data is updated , real time information can be

There are two basic types of speedometers:

 Eddy current (analog) type.

Eddy current type:

 A small permanent magnet affixed to the rotating cable interacts with a

 Many modern speedometers are electronic. A rotation sensor, usually

 The sensor is typically a toothed metal disk positioned between a coil

 Alternatively, some manufactures rely on pulses coming from the ABS

 A computer converts the pulses to a speed and displays this speed on an

 Another early form of electronic speedometer relies upon the interaction

 The watch mechanism endeavors to push the speedometer pointer

 The position of the speedometer pointer reflects the relative

 In case an analog type speedometer is used, an analog to digital

 The U.S. military developed and implemented this satellite network as a

 Each of these solar-powered satellites circles the globe at about 12,000

 A GPS receiver's job is to locate four or more of these satellites, figure

 Microcontroller: AT89S52 by Atmel

 Literature survey of industry standards and

You might also like