Scribd
Upload
226 views

Database Normalization Slides

The document discusses database normalization and the anomalies addressed by normalization. It defines three normal forms: first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), and third normal form (3NF). 1NF requires that each field contains a single value. 2NF removes fields that are not dependent on the full primary key. 3NF removes transitive dependencies, where a field depends on another field rather than the primary key. An example of a normalized student enrollment table is provided.

Uploaded by

Marvin Bucsit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
226 views

Database Normalization Slides

The document discusses database normalization and the anomalies addressed by normalization. It defines three normal forms: first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), and third normal form (3NF). 1NF requires that each field contains a single value. 2NF removes fields that are not dependent on the full primary key. 3NF removes transitive dependencies, where a field depends on another field rather than the primary key. An example of a normalized student enrollment table is provided.

Uploaded by

Marvin Bucsit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

Database

Normalization
Definition
What Is Database Normalization?
Anomalies: Problems addressed by Normalization

 If the proper normal forms aren't followed,


various undesirable side effects can occur
in a database
 These side effects are commonly referred
to as anomalies.
 Insertion Anomalies
 Deletion Anomalies
 Update Anomalies

10/9/20 4
Insertion Anomaly
 This occurs when you can’t add row into a
table

Until the new faculty member is assigned to teach at least one course, his
details cannot be recorded.

10/9/20 5
Deletion Anomaly
 This occurs when you can’t delete row into
a table, when the row you want to delete
contains a important piece of information,
or when the row you delete is the last one
in the table that contains this piece of
information.

10/9/20 6
Deletion Anomaly

All information about Dr. Giddens is lost when he temporarily ceases to


be assigned to any courses.

10/9/20 7
Update Anomaly
 These occur when there is unnecessary
redundancy in the data.

Employee 519 is shown as having different addresses on different records.

10/9/20 8
Concept of normalization and the
most common normal forms.
To Begin
/
Second Normal Form (2NF)
 It is in the 1NF
 Every column that is not a part of the
primary key is functionally dependent on
the entire primary key.

10/9/20 17
Functional Dependency
 Attribute B is functionally dependent on
attribute A if, for each value of attribute A,
there is exactly one value of attribute B.
 Example, Employee Address is
functionally dependent on Employee ID,
because a particular Employee ID value
corresponds to one and only one
Employee Address value.
Employee Address  Employee ID

10/9/20 18
Third Normal Form (3NF)
 It is in the 2NF
 All of its columns that are not part of the
primary key are mutually dependent
 The 3NF is concerned with the removal of
transitive dependencies in tables.
 There exist transitive dependency when a
column is dependent on a column not the
primary key.
10/9/20 20
Transitive Dependency
 A transitive dependency is an indirect
functional dependency, one in which X→Z
only by virtue of X→Y and Y→Z.
 Example:
 Column1 is directly dependent on the primary key
column; another column, say Column2, is indirectly
dependent on the primary key column because of its
dependency on Column1.
 The dependency of Column2 to the primary key is by
virtue of its dependency on Column1.

10/9/20 21
name crs yr dept dean subj1 subj2 subj3 subj4

Ana Noble BSIT 2 CASTEIT Dr. Valdez rve 2 socsci 5 pe 4 socsci 6

Claire Valdez BSCE 3 CEA Engr. Carreon pe 3 socsci 5 socsci 6  

Dan Reyes BSIT 2 CASTEIT Dr. Valdez rve 2 pe 4 socsci 6  

Flor Yen BSBA 3 CCSA Mrs. Tugade rve 2 pe 3 socsci 5 socsci 6

Gil Peter BSIT 2 CASTEIT Dr. Valdez socsci 5 pe 4 socsci 6  

Jane Jill BSIT 3 CASTEIT Dr. Valdez rve 2 pe 3 pe 4 socsci 6

Joy Flores BSBA 2 CCSA Mrs. Tugade rve 2 pe 3 socsci 5 pe 4

You might also like