Telehealth Monitoring based Myoelectric

Prosthetic Arm

Presented by:
Anas Mohamed
Mani Raj Paneru
Melbin
Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Engineering College,
Perambalur
Abstract
Powered hand Prostheses with many degrees of freedom are moving from research in to the
market for prosthetics. In order to make use of the prostheses full functionality, it is essential to study
efficient ways of high dimensional myoelectric control and add some more features to it. The signal
taken from the normal hand is given to the servos to make prostheses. This make it more efficient,
and real time monitoring allows us to locate and diagnose the patient when he is in need. The
development of Telematics prosthetic module using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global
System for Mobile Communications (GSM) modem is undertaken with the aim of enabling to locate
the user (patient) with easy and in a convenient manner. The system will provide the patient to track
remotely through the mobile network. This paper describes the development of the Telematics module
hardware prototype. Especially, the system will utilize GPS to obtain a patient location and transmit it
using GSM modem to the family or doctor number through the mobile network. The proposed system
will also be able to identify the accident of patient. Our analysis indicates the visual feedback, control
accuracy benefits from filters that reject high EMG amplitudes. In summary, we conclude the findings
on myoelectric control principles, virtual tasks can be transferred to real life prosthetic applications.
Introduction
Electromyography:
 Electromyography is the process of recording the total electrical activity of the
motor nerve muscle innervated by it on the cathode ray oscilloscope or simply the
study of the action potential in human skeletal muscle.
 The machine that records the electrical activity is called electromyograph and the
record is called electromyogram(EMG).
 When the motor nerve is stimulated, not only the nerve develops the AP, but also
the muscle fibres develop AP.
 The resulting electrical activity may be considerable and in the resultant complex
the individual Aps are buried.
EMG Generation
 The EMG signal due to the contraction and relaxation of the muscles are guided
properly so that the artificial arm can move accordingly.
 The remaining work is done by feeding the analog EMG signal to the
microprocessor which is accordingly programmed to rotate the motors.

Figure: EMG generation process

Block Diagram
Power
Mobile
AD620
GSM
Surface Electrode

Temperature GPS
sensor AVR Microcontroller
Servo motor
Pulse sensor
Buzzer

LCD Display
Description
Surface Electrodes:
 The electrodes used in surface EMG is the surface electrodes which is made
up of silver chloride or stainless steel.

 Three electrodes are placed side by side one of which is the reference
electrode. The other one is for positive and other for negative.

 A gel type adhesive is used which has two function. one is to keep the
electrode attached to the skin. The other function is to provide a low resistive
path which help the electrodes acquire signal very easily.

 The reason is that it helps the signal to amplify very easily.

AD620 Instrumentation Amplifier
 AD620 comes in 8-lead SOIC and DIP packages and are low-
cost, high-accuracy instrumentation amplifiers that, with an
external resistor, allow the user to set gains of 1 to 10,000.
 The AD620, with its high accuracy of 40 ppm (maximum)
nonlinearity, low offset voltage of 50 µV (maximum), and
offset drift of 0.6 µV/°C (maximum), is ideal for use in
precision data acquisition systems such as weigh scales and
transducer interfaces. Furthermore, the low noise, low input
bias current, and low power of the AD620 make it well suited
for medical applications such as ECG and noninvasive blood
pressure monitors.
 The AD620 works well as a preamplifier due to its low input
voltage noise of 9 nV/√Hz at 1 kHz, 0.28 μV p-p in the 0.1 Hz
to 10 Hz band, and 0.1 pA/√Hz input current noise.
Heart Rate Sensor
 An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits in order to sense some
aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as
well as detects the motion.These types of sensors measures
only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor.
Temperature Sensor
 LM35 Temperature Sensor. This sensor generates a high output voltage than
thermocouples and may not need that the output voltage is amplified.
The LM35 has an output voltage that is proportional to the Celsius temperature.
The scale factor is .01V/°C
AVR Microcontroller
 AVR microcontrollers are very popular, used in numerous
applications, particularly in project prototyping and also in
embedded devices. The AVR microcontrollers are based on the
advanced RISC architecture. ATmega32 is a low power CMOS 8-
bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC
architecture. AVR can execute 1 million instructions per second if
cycle frequency is 1MHz.
 32 x 8 general working purpose registers.
 32K bytes of in system self programmable flash program memory
 1024 bytes EEPROM
 32 programmable I/O lines
 In system programming by on-chip boot program
 Programmable watch dog timer with separate on-chip oscillator.
 Programmable serial USART
GSM(Global System for Mobile)
It is widely used mobile communication system in the
world. GSM is an open and digital cellular technology used for
transmitting mobile voice and data services operates at the
850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz frequency bands.
A GSM digitizes and reduces the data, then sends it down
through a channel with two different streams of client data, each
in its own particular time slot. The digital system has an ability
to carry 64 kbps to 120 Mbps of data rates.
FEATRURES
Supply Power : 9v to 12v DC
Interface : UART RS232
Optional TTL UART also available
GPS antenna frequency 1575.42 MHz
GPS(Global Positioning System)
 The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a network of
about 30 satellites orbiting the Earth at an altitude of
20,000 km. The system was originally developed by the
US government for military navigation but now anyone
with a GPS device, be it a SatNav, mobile phone or
handheld GPS unit, can receive the radio signals that the
satellites broadcast.
 Wherever you are on the planet, at least four GPS
satellites are ‘visible’ at any time. Each one transmits
information about its position and the current time at
regular intervals. These signals, travelling at the speed of
light, are intercepted by your GPS receiver, which
calculates how far away each satellite is based on how
long it took for the messages to arrive.
Servo motor

 The servo motor is most commonly used for high technology

devices in the industrial application like automation
technology. It is a self contained electrical device, that rotate
parts of a machine with high efficiency and great precision.
The output shaft of this motor can be moved to a particular
angle. Servo motors are mainly used in home electronics,
toys, cars, airplanes, etc .
 This article discusses about what is a servo motor, servo
motor working, servo motor types and its applications.
Display Device
A 16X2 LCD has two registers, namely, command and data.
The register select is used to switch from one register to other.
RS=0 for command register, whereas RS=1 for data register.
 Command Register: The command register stores the
command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an
instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like
initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position,
controlling display etc. Processing for commands happens in
the command register.
 Data Register:  The data register stores the data to be
displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the
character to be displayed on the LCD. When we send data to
LCD it goes to the data register and is processed there. When
RS=1, data register is selected.
Buzzer
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which
may be mechanical, electromechanical,
or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and
beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user
input such as a mouse click or keystroke.
A piezoelectric element may be driven by an oscillating
electronic circuit or other audio signal source, driven with
a piezoelectric audio amplifier. Sounds commonly used to
indicate that a button has been pressed are a click, a ring or a
beep.
3D PROSTHETIC DESIGN
 The material used for 3d printing is PLA (polylactic acid). Poly or polylactic
acid or polylactide is a biodegradable and bioactive thermoplastic aliphatic polyester
derived from renewable resources, such as corn starch, cassava roots, chips or starch,
or sugarcane.
Formula: (C3H4O2)n
Density: 1.210–1.430 g·cm−3
Melting point: 150 to 160 °C (302 to 320 °F; 423 to 433 K)
Solubility in water: Insoluble in water
Poly(lactic acid) or polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable and
bioactive thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable resources, such as
corn starch (in the United States and Canada), cassava roots, chips or starch (mostly
in Asia), or sugarcane (in the rest of the world).Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the first
commodity polymer produced from annually renewable resources.
ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATION
 It use low cost op-amp amplifier (AD620) with high accuracy output and decrease
the cost of arm.
 Power consumption of the system is low. It operates in 5V dc supply for all
component.
 Able to send patient physical data from remote area.
 It is real time monitoring system which sends the patent data within a few
seconds.
 It helps to find out the user location from longitude and latitude.
 It provides more security when criminal attack also in abnormal condition.
Result
Pulse rate:
Temperature
Electromyography
 From the above output data of pulse rate, temperature and electromyography we
can analysis that the small variation will occur during operating. Here the servo
motors runs only when emg signal is high and sends the message to the cell phone
when any one of the data is low or high which means when patient is in abnormal
condition.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the goal of the project was to design prosthetic arm to meet the needs of
amputees for all age groups. Following a multistep design process we are able to research and
study the prosthetic arm so that we could base our design of it. In order to identify the problem
with current prosthetic arm, we did more research in the customer needs. We analyse different
prosthetic arm to identify each parts in terms of its particular function, then we redesign the
product to the specification of the amputees. We identified most of the problems with the
current prosthetic arm. According to the patient specification and level of signals that he
possess we design the arm that is completely different from previous design. It is designed not
only to perform as a arm but can also be used for telehealth monitoring of the patient with the
aid of telecommunication. It acquire the patient data and can able to send automatically to
family and doctor when the users are in need.
Future Work
A USB for the body:
 A robotic limb would then plug in to the interface, and also clamp securely onto the
section protruding from the body to fix it into position. “Think of it as a USB port
for the body”. Armitage is a bioengineer specialising in the junctions between
dissimilar tissue such as bone and tendon, which has led him to work on how
synthetic materials can be integrated into the body. One innovation he has been
working on is a method to avoid the risk of infection. As well as the bone implant
encouraging growth of natural material into metal, he is developing a blend of
elastomers and other soft materials into which skin can grow, to help create a
waterproof, airtight seal between skin and the protruding part of the implant. The
system would be open source to allow robotics specialists to develop the prostheses
themselves. “It gives us the best chance of developing technology, reducing the
cost and letting other experts play their role.
Sensory feedback
 If we had perfect technology that allowed us to individually stimulate each nerve fibre
selectively, we could restore the sense of touch perfectly. But of course, the technology
doesn’t allow us to do that. You have this array with up to a couple of hundred electrodes,
and with this relatively small channel count, we’re trying to stimulate 10,000-15,000
fibres, which each have their own idiosyncratic response in an intact organism.
 “We’re not going to be able to do each of these 12,000 or 15,000 fibres individually.
What we’re able to stimulate is tens or hundreds of them at a time. How do tens or
hundreds of fibres respond? That we can use our model to figure out, then we use the
electrical stimulus to try and reproduce that, or evoke that to the extent that we can.”
Refrences
[1]. Adam Reust, Jaydip Desai, PhD “Development of an EMG Controlled Robotic Hand
Prosthesis” Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana Institute of Technology Fort Wayne.
[2]. Ali Salman, Javaid Iqbal, Umer Izhar, Umar Shahbaz Khan, Nasir Rashid “Optimized Circuit
for EMG Signal Processing.”
[3]. Andres Herrera, Andres Bernal, David Isaza and Malek Adjouadi Center for Advance
Technology and Education “Design of an Electrical Prosthetic Gripper using EMG and Linear
Motion Approach.”
[4]. Dr. Anthony L. Crawford, Member, IEEE, Jeffrey Molitor, Member, IEEE, Dr. Alba Perez-
Gracia Member, IEEE, Dr. Steve C. Chiu, Member, IEEE “Design of a Robotic Hand and Simple
EMG Input Controller with a Biologically-Inspired Parallel Actuation System for Prosthetic
Applications.”
[5].https://wiki.eprolabs.com/index.php?title=Temperature_Sensor_LM35
[6].https://wiki.eprolabs.com/index.php?title=Pulse_rate_Sensor
[7]http://www.circuitstoday.com/arduino-mega-pinout-schematics