Formwork in Highrise
Formwork in Highrise
Formwork in Highrise
RISE BUILDINGS
FORMWORK
• A formwork system is a temporary or permanent construction form,
which includes formwork and elements that ensure its rigidity and
stability - supporting structures, scaffolds, and fasteners.
• Formworks differ in nature they are designed and manufactured for a
specific project.
• Special projects involving formwork movement by height, a hydraulic
distribution arm and individual cranes placed on the carcass under
construction are developed for extremely complex high-rise
buildings.
FORMWORK
• The process of finding the optimum formwork concept for a structure starts
in the tender phase.
• Often it is here that the real decisions on the cost-effectiveness of a
construction project are made.
• Intelligent formwork-planning software was made as a measure tool for
automatic formwork planning.
• Some of the High-Rise Buildings’ Projects call for highly specialized
formwork solutions and unique know-how.
• The Expertise for Automatic Climbing and Project Management ensure
reliability end to end, particularly in projects that demand the highest level
of scheduling, commercial and engineering expertise.
• Time-to-completion can be enhanced by choosing suitable formwork
system which move up the tower at all times and never have to be brought
back to the ground.
CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND
TECHNIQUES
1. Slip form
2. Jump form
3. Climbing formwork
4. Table form/ flying form
5. Column system formwork
6. Tunnel form
1)SLIP FORM CONSTRUCTION
• Slip form construction, or continuously
formed construction, is a construction
method in which concrete is poured into a
continuously moving form.
• Basically, this method involves the
continuous placing of concrete in a shallow
mould having the same plan as the building
to be constructed.
• This rigid mould, or "slip-form" as it is called,
forms the working deck which is jacked
slowly upwards at a controlled rate until the
required elevation is reached
SLIP FORM CONSTRUCTION
• Method of vertically extruding a reinforced concrete section
and is suitable for construction of core walls in high-rise
structures – lift shafts, stair shafts, towers.
• The formwork rises continuously, at a rate of about 300 mm
per hour, supporting itself on the core and not relying on
support or access from other parts of the building or
permanent works.
• Allows for the continuous pouring of concrete into walls of a
structure and only stops when the full required height of the
structure has been reached.
• The height of the formwork is designed in such a way that
while the top of the formwork is being filled by concrete the
lowest layer of concrete poured earlier has already gained an
initial set.
• When the formwork is moved upwards the concrete that is
then exposed remains firm.
TYPES OF SLIP FORM
CONSTRUCTION
1-VERTICAL SLIP- FORM I
• n vertical slip forming, the concrete form may be
surrounded by a platform on which workers stand, placing
steel reinforcing rods into the concrete and ensuring a
smooth pour.
• Together, the concrete form and working platform are
raised by means of hydraulic jacks.
• Generally, the slip-form rises at a rate which permits the
concrete to harden by the time it emerges from the bottom
of the form.
2 HORIZONTAL SLIP-FORM
• In horizontal slip forming for pavement and traffic
separation walls, concrete is cast, vibrated, worked, and
settled in place while the form itself slowly moves ahead.
• This method was initially devised and utilized in Interstate
Highway construction initiated during the 1950s.
TYPES OF SLIP FORM
CONSTRUCTION
• Slip form methods of construction can also be adapted to
horizontal structures and are used for paving, canals, and
tunneling.
• The technique is more in use for structures that have
continuous walls like silos , chimneys, and piers for very
tall bridges.
• It has also been successfully used for construction of
buildings, although this requires the manner of leaving
inserts for openings like doors and windows to be decided
well in advance, as well as also any necessary inserts to
support floor slabs after the walls are constructed.
TYPES OF SLIP FORM
CONSTRUCTION
3 TAPERED SLIP-FORMING
• Slip-forming is also used in the construction of conical chimneys,
cooling towers, piers and other tall concrete structures involving
constant or changing thicknesses in walls, diameters and/or shapes.
• A form is used with sections which overlap so that one gradually
slides over the other.
• This is commonly done in chimney construction but it is not
satisfactory for architectural concrete because the lap shows.
• While the tapered slip-forming process is similar to that used on the
standard slip-forming, it requires greater attention, contractor
experience and expertise ensures the success of such projects.
ADVANTAGES
• A major cost of concrete structure construction is the required formwork to retain the
concrete till it can be safely de-shuttered and be able to support itself and other
imposed loads.
• The formwork needs to be continually removed to newer locations and then re-erected.
• Continuous use of manpower and lifting equipment like cranes.
• In the case of slip form building, the formwork is erected only once and remains intact
until the entire structure is completed.
• Great reduction in the cost of formwork as well as time saving for re-erection.
• Cost effective
• The reduction in the movement of formwork and workers also leads to far more safe
working conditions that also make it a major advantage.
2)JUMP FORM
• Generally, jump form systems comprise the formwork
and working platforms for cleaning/fixing of the
formwork, steel fixing and concreting.
• Jump form, often described as climbing form.
• It is suitable for construction of multi-floor vertical
concrete elements in high-rise structures, such as
shear walls, core walls, lift shafts, stair shafts and
bridge pylons.
• It is a highly productive system designed to increase
speed and efficiency while minimizing labor and time.
PROCESS EFFICIENCY
• Fast construction can be achieved by careful planning of the
construction process. Crane availability is critical for normal jump
form.
• Self-climbing formwork cuts down the requirement for crane
time considerably.
• By allowing the crane to be used for other construction work this
may reduce the total number of cranes needed on site.
• The formwork is independently supported, so the shear walls
and core walls can be completed ahead of the rest of the main
building structure.
• This can help to provide stability to the main structure during its
construction and can have the beneficial effect of taking the
jump form core off the project critical path.
3)CLIMB FORM CONSTRUCTION
• Climbing formwork is a special type formwork for vertical
concrete structures that rises with the building process.
• While relatively complicated and costly, it can be an effective
solution for buildings that are either very repetitive in form
(such as towers or skyscrapers) or that require a seamless
wall structure (using gliding formwork, a special type of
climbing formwork).
• Various types of climbing formwork exist, which are either
relocated from time to time, or can even move on their own
(usually on hydraulic jacks, required for self-climbing and
gliding formworks)
TYPES OF CLIMBING FORM
CLIMBING FORMWORK (CRANE- CLIMBING):
• in this type of climbing formwork, the formwork around the is displaced upwards with the help of
one or more cranes .
•once the hardening of the concrete has proceeded far enough. This may entail lifting the whole
section, or be achieved segmentally.
CLIMBING FORMWORK (SELF-CLIMBING):
•In this type of the structure elevates itself with the help of mechanic leverage equipment (usually
hydraulic).
•To do this, it is usually fixed to sacrificial cones or rails emplaced in the previously cast concrete.
GLIDING FORMWORK:
•This type of formwork is similar to the climbing type above.
• However, the climbing process is continuous instead of intermittent, and is usually only interrupted
for a very short time (for example to fix the mounting mechanisms to new anchoring points).
•The advantage is that it will produce seamless structures, but it requires a continuous, uninterrupted
process throughout, with serious potential quality and stability problems if the pour has to be
stopped
4)TABLE FORM/FLYNG FORM
• A table form/flying form is a large pre- assembled
formwork and false work unit, often forming a
complete bay of suspended floor slab.
• It offers mobility and quick installation for
construction projects with regular plan layouts or
long repetitive structures, so is highly suitable
• Table form and flying form is routinely used for
Residential flats , Hotels ,Hostels ,Offices
,Commercial buildings for flat slab, and beam and
slab layouts.
BENEFITS
• Fast construction for large floor layouts.
• Fully assembled units can be manoeuvred quickly into place.
• Using appropriate quality control, high quality surface finishes can be achieved.
• Reduced long-term workforce requirement on site.
• The need for infill areas and decking joints is minimised.
• Individual components of the formwork system can be precisely adjusted.
• Repetitive nature of the work makes it easier to plan construction activities
5)SYSTEM COLUMN FORMWORK
• The column formwork systems now available are
normally modular in nature and allow quick assembly
and erection on-site while minimising labour and
crane time.
• They are available in steel, aluminium and even
cardboard (not reusable but recycled) and have a
variety of internal face surfaces depending on the
concrete finish required.
• Innovations have led to adjustable, reusable column
forms which can be clamped on-site to give different
column sizes
6)TUNNEL FORM
• Tunnel form is used to form repetitive cellular structures, and is widely
recognised as a modern innovation that enables the construction of
horizontal and vertical elements (walls and floors) together.
• Significant productivity benefits have been achieved by using tunnel
form to construct cellular buildings such as hotels, low- and high-rise
housing, hostels, student accommodation, prison and barracks
accommodation.
• Main Equipments
1. Tower crane
2. Concrete pump
3. Protection screen
4. Plumb lazer
5. Platforms, chute and lifts
CLIMBING TOWER CRANES
• A climbing tower crane lifts itself up using a climbing attachment
with hydraulic jacks that surrounds the mast.
• The climbing attachment lifts itself up off the erected mast and
inserts a new mast section
CONCRETE PUMP
• Self Climbing The concrete is pumped by a diesel powered, static
concrete pump, through a fixed 125 mm pipeline, to the folding
placing boom.
• The boom is mounted on a steel column of up to 20 metres high. The
column is supported by a cross base or a system of floor frames set
into the concrete floors
PROTECTION SCREEN
• Self climbing Protection screens enclose the top floors of a high rise
enabling construction work to be carry out in great safety, and
protected from the weather.
• The screen will contain any debris and tools that would otherwise fall
to the surface. The Protection screen can be moved upwards
hydraulically or using a tower crane.
DOKA SYSTEMS
DOKA System is both fast and can achieve the necessary high quality finish for any project and safety of the
system for project’s operatives, particularly for the external formwork, which is also a key factor. DOKA supports
the selection, planning and application of its formwork systems with a range of services that prevent cost
overruns for formwork utilized on site and thus effectively ease the work of site managers and foremen.
PERI SYSTEM
• PERI System is one of the world’s largest manufacturers and suppliers of formwork, shoring and scaffolding
systems. PERI also offers its customers engineering, planning, formwork software, rental service and logistics
support.High-Rise Building Construction Cycles