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Rubber As Material of Construction

The document discusses different types of rubber materials, including natural rubber extracted from latex and synthetic rubbers produced from petroleum-based monomers through polymerization. It provides details on the extraction of natural latex and production of various synthetic rubbers. Key properties and applications of natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, and silicone rubber are outlined. Vulcanization, a process of adding sulfur to rubber to create cross-links between polymer chains, is also described.

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493 views15 pages

Rubber As Material of Construction

The document discusses different types of rubber materials, including natural rubber extracted from latex and synthetic rubbers produced from petroleum-based monomers through polymerization. It provides details on the extraction of natural latex and production of various synthetic rubbers. Key properties and applications of natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, and silicone rubber are outlined. Vulcanization, a process of adding sulfur to rubber to create cross-links between polymer chains, is also described.

Uploaded by

pandianvijaybharathi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rubber as Material of

Construction
Rubber / Elastomer
• Rubber is a polymeric material which at room
temperature can be stretched to at least twice
its original length and on immediate release of
stress will return quickly to its original length
• Rubber is of two types
– Natural Rubber / Latex
– Synthetic Rubber
Latex into Natural Rubber
• The latex is a sticky, milky colloid drawn off by
making incisions into the bark and collecting the
fluid in vessels in a process called "tapping".
• The latex then is refined into rubber ready for
commercial processing.
• In most of its useful forms, it has a large stretch
ratio and high resilience, and is extremely
waterproof.
Natural Rubber
• Natural rubber, coming from latex of Hevea
brasiliensis , is mainly poly- cis isoprene  containing
traces of impurities like protein, dirt etc.
• Although it exhibits many excellent properties in
terms of mechanical performance, natural rubber is
often inferior to certain synthetic rubbers, especially
with respect to its thermal stability.
Synthetic Rubber
• Synthetic rubber is made by the polymerization of a
variety of petroleum-based precursors called 
monomers.
• The most prevalent synthetic rubbers are 
styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR) derived from the
copolymerization of styrene and 1,3-butadiene.
• Other synthetic rubbers are prepared from 
– isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), 
– chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene), and
– isobutylene (methylpropene) with a small percentage of
isoprene for cross-linking.
• These and other monomers can be mixed in various
proportions to be copolymerized to produce products
with a range of physical, mechanical, and chemical
properties.
• The monomers can be produced pure and the addition
of impurities or additives can be controlled by design
to give optimal properties.
• Polymerization of pure monomers can be better
controlled to give a desired proportion of cis and 
trans double bonds.
Characteristics of Rubber
• Non-Crystalline
• Non-Conductors of electricity and are relatively
low heat conductor
• High resistance to chemical and corrosion
• Low softening temperatures
• Viscoelastic behavior generally to a greater extent
than plastics
• Oxidizes (or) ages causing deterioration and
changes in properties, more than plastics
Properties of Rubber
• Density= 1000 to1800 kg/m3
• Thermal conductivity = 0.16 W/moC
• Coefficient of linear expansion = 70–80 X 10 -6
• Resistivity = 106 to 1010 ohm/moC
• Tensile strength = 1 – 6 X 107 N/m2
• Elongation at fracture = 2 – 1000 %
• Modulus of elasticity = upto max 380 N/m 2
Vulcanization of Rubber
• Vulcanization is a non-reversible chemical reaction
involving addition of Sulphur and other suitable
agents to form cross linking between the molecular
chains of rubber
• Heating Rubber+Sulphur+Accelerating agent
Typical Applications of commercial /
synthetic rubber

1. Natural Rubber / Natural poly isoprene


S.No Property Range
1. Elongation % 500 – 700
2. Useful Temperature Range -55 to 120 deg C
3. Characteristics • Excellent physical properties
• Good Resistance to cutting, gouging
and abrasion
• Low Heat, Ozone & oil resistance
• Good electrical properties
4. Applications • Pneumatic tires and tubes
• Heels and soles
• Gaskets
2. BunaS (SBR) Styrene butadiene copolymer
S.No Property Range
1. Elongation % 450 – 500 %
2. Useful Temperature Range -60 to 120 deg C
3. Characteristics • Good physical properties
• Good Resistance abrasion
• Not Oil, Ozone or Weather resistance
• Good electrical properties
4. Applications • Pneumatic tires
• Shoe heels and soles, gaskets, and
even chewing gum
• Coated papers
• Seamless damp-proof liner
3. BunaA, Nitrile (NBR) Acrylonitrile butadiene
copolymer
S.No Property Range
1. Elongation % 400 – 600 %
2. Useful Temperature Range -50 to 150 deg C
3. Characteristics • Excellent resistance to vegetable,
animal and petroleum oils
• Poor / Low temperature properties
• Electrical properties no out standing
4. Applications • Gasoline, chemical & oil hose, seal,
O ring heals and soles
4. Chloroprene (CR) or Neoprene
S.No Property Range
1. Elongation % 100 – 800 %
2. Useful Temperature Range -50 to 105 deg C
3. Characteristics • Excellent Ozone, Heat and Oil
Résistance
• Weather Resistant
• Excellent Flame Resistant
• Not Good electrical properties like
natural rubber
4. Applications • Wires and cable
• Chemical tank Lining
• Belts
• Hoses, Seals and Gaskets
5. Poly siloxane (Silicone) (SIL)
S.No Property Range
1. Elongation % 600 %
2. Useful Temperature Range -90 to 250 deg C
3. Characteristics • Excellent resistance to high and low
temperatures
• Low strength
• Excellent electrical properties
4. Applications • High and low temperature
installations
• Seals
• Diaphragms
• Tubing for food and medical uses

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