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Week 6 PRESENTATION

This document discusses styles and figures of speech in classical rhetoric. It begins by outlining three learning outcomes related to comprehending the third canon of rhetoric, analyzing types of styles, and distinguishing between different styles. It then provides an introduction to style as how ideas are embodied in language. The document describes two parts of style - dictio and composition - and virtues of style. It proceeds to define and provide examples of several figures of speech and rhetorical devices, including parallelism, anastrophe, parenthesis, and more. In closing, it lists sources for further information.

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Michalcova Realisan Jezza
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72 views10 pages

Week 6 PRESENTATION

This document discusses styles and figures of speech in classical rhetoric. It begins by outlining three learning outcomes related to comprehending the third canon of rhetoric, analyzing types of styles, and distinguishing between different styles. It then provides an introduction to style as how ideas are embodied in language. The document describes two parts of style - dictio and composition - and virtues of style. It proceeds to define and provide examples of several figures of speech and rhetorical devices, including parallelism, anastrophe, parenthesis, and more. In closing, it lists sources for further information.

Uploaded by

Michalcova Realisan Jezza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Styles/Figures of Speeches

Course Learning Outcomes:


By the end of the module, the students will be able to:

1. Comprehend the third canon of rhetoric and its concepts


2. Analyze the types of styles
3. Distinguish each types of style from each other
Introduction
Once the speaker has planned "what" to say (invention) and the order
in which to say it (arrangement), the third task is to decide "how" to
say it – that is how to embody it in words and sentences. Style is a
deliberate process of casting subject into language; the same ideas
can be expressed in different words with different effect. Styles were
often classified into types or "characters," of which the best known
categorization is the threefold division into "grand," "middle," and
"plain."2 Classical rhetoricians believed that style was not merely
ornamental; rather, an appropriate use of language was as important
to persuasion as was the quality of the thought that the language
expressed.1
Two Parts of Style

• Dictio – the choice of words


• Composition – the putting of words together into sentences, which
includes periodic structure, prose rhythm, and figures of speech.
 
 Discussion of Style

• Virtues (aretai) – correctness of grammar and usage, clarity,


ornamentation, and propriety.
• Ornamentation – includes "tropes," literally "turnings" or
substitutions of one term for another; as in metaphor.
• Figures of speech – changes in the sound or arrangement of a
sequence of words, such as anaphora or asyndeton.
• Figures of thought – a statement which is recast to stress it or achieve
audience contact, as in the rhetorical question.
TYPES OF STYLE
Parallelism: Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words.
Anastrophe: Inversion of the natural or usual word order.
Parenthesis: Insertion of verbal unit in a position that interrupts the
normal flow of the sentence.
Apposition: Juxtaposing two co-ordinate elements, the second of which
explains or modifies the first.
Ellipsis: Deliberate omission of a word or of words which are readily
implied by the context.
TYPES OF STYLE
Asyndeton: Deliberate omission of conjunctions between a series of
related clauses.
Alliteration: Repetition of initial or medial consonants in two or more
adjacent words.
Assonance: Repetition of similar vowel sounds, preceded and followed
by different consonants, in the stressed syllables of adjacent words.
Epistrophe: Repetition of the same word or group of words at the ends
of successive clauses.
Epanalepsis: Repetition at the end of the clause of the word that
occurred at the beginning of the clause.
TYPES OF STYLE
Climax: Arrangement of words or clauses in an order of increasing
importance.
Polyptoton: Repetition of words derived from the same root.
Metaphor: Implied comparison between two things of unlike nature.
Simile: Explicit comparison between two things of unlike nature.
Synecdoche: A part stands for the whole.
Puns: Play on words.
Anthimeria: The substitution of one part of speech for another.
TYPES OF STYLE
 Periphrasis: Substitution of a descriptive word or phrase for a proper name.
Personification: Investing human qualities in abstractions or inanimate objects.
Hyperbole: The use of exaggerated terms for emphasis or heightened effect.
Litotes: Use of understatement.
Rhetorical Question: Asking a question not for an answer but for the purpose of
asserting or denying something indirectly.
Irony: Use of a word to convey a meaning opposite to the literal meaning of the
word.
Onomatopoeia: Use of words whose sound echoes the sense.
Oxymoron: Juxtaposing two ordinarily contradictory terms.

 
Sources:
 

A Brief Summary of Classical Rhetoric. Date Retrieved September 27,


2019 from http://www.hcs.harvard.edu/~rhetoric/summary.doc
 

Kennedy, George A. A NEW HISTORY OF CLASSICAL RHETORIC. Date


Retrieved September 27, 2019 from
http://www.sjsu.edu/people/cynthia.rostankowski/courses/HUM1AF1
4/s3/Lecture-12-Kennedy-and-Aristotle-Readings.pdf

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