Scribd
Upload
75 views9 pages

Tuberculosis

TB is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is spread through airborne droplets when someone with active TB coughs or sneezes. It primarily affects the lungs and can cause cough, weight loss, fever and night sweats. While most infections remain latent and asymptomatic, those with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of active disease. Treatment requires a multi-drug regimen to prevent drug resistance, while proper ventilation and infection control can help prevent transmission.

Uploaded by

Idasari Dewi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
75 views9 pages

Tuberculosis

TB is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is spread through airborne droplets when someone with active TB coughs or sneezes. It primarily affects the lungs and can cause cough, weight loss, fever and night sweats. While most infections remain latent and asymptomatic, those with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of active disease. Treatment requires a multi-drug regimen to prevent drug resistance, while proper ventilation and infection control can help prevent transmission.

Uploaded by

Idasari Dewi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

TUBERCULOSIS

DWI MARTHA SEPTY 417005


IDA SARI DEWI 417006
DEFINITIO
N

TB is a contagious disease that is transmitted from person


to person through coughing and breathing in airborne
droplets that contain bacteria. TB primarily affects the
lungs, but can affect any part of the body. As one of the
most common infections in the world, TB remains a major
problem in many countries and among vulnerable
populations.
PATHOGENESIS
Patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis are the source of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In
more than 90% of persons infected with M. tuberculosis, the pathogen is contained as asymptomatic
latent infection. The risk of active disease is estimated to be approximately 5% in the 18 months after
initial infection and then approximately 5% for the remaining lifetime. An estimated 2 billion persons
worldwide have latent infection and are at risk for reactivation. Contained latent infection reduces the
risk of reinfection on repeated exposure, whereas active tuberculosis is associated with an increased
risk of a second episode of tuberculosis on reexposure.
Drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis arise from spontaneous chromosomal mutations at a
predictable low frequency. Selection pressure that is caused by misuse of antituberculosis drugs, such
as monotherapy or the addition of single drugs to failing regimens, results in the emergence of resistant
mutants (acquired resistance). Transmission of such resistant strains to another person may result in
infection and eventually disease (primary resistance). Outbreaks of highly fatal drug-resistant infection
have been documented in several settings, especially those in which the prevalence of HIV infection is
high. Recent reports describing totally drug-resistant tuberculosis require confirmation. The failure to
detect drug resistance results in the prescription of inappropriate regimens, treatment failure,
increased mortality, and further transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis (Zumla, 2013).
ETIOLOGY

TB is caused by slow-growing bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.


When these bacteria enter the lungs, they are usually walled off into harmless
capsules (granulomas) in the lung, causing infection but not disease. These
capsules may later wake up weeks, months or decades later causing active TB
disease.
SIGN & SYMPTOMS

TB infection most often affects the lungs but can cause problems in other parts
of the body. The classic symptoms of TB in the lungs include:
■ Cough lasting more than three weeks
■ Unexplained weight loss
■ Low-grade fever
■ Night sweats
RISK FACTORS
TB infection are the following:
(1)People recently exposed to someone who has symptomatic TB disease;
(2)People who live in congregate settings with high risk persons;
(3)People who live or have lived in countries where TB is common; or
(4)People who are health care workers who are in contact with TB patients when
proper infection control procedures are not followed. Many people who acquire TB
infection do not have symptoms and may never develop TB disease. These people
have latent TB infections (LTBI). However, people with TB infection who have
weaker immune systems due to diabetes, HIV infection, kidney failure, or take certain
immunosuppressive medications such as TNF-alpha blockers may be more likely to
develop active TB disease with symptoms.
TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

You might also like