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Engineering System Modelling and Simulation (Etme-402)

The document discusses mathematical modeling and system simulation. It defines a mathematical model as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language. Mathematical models can take various forms such as differential equations, statistical models, or logical models. Models are classified based on whether they are linear or nonlinear, static or dynamic, explicit or implicit, discrete or continuous, deterministic or probabilistic. The major elements of a traditional mathematical model include governing equations, defining equations, constitutive equations, and constraints.

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93 views8 pages

Engineering System Modelling and Simulation (Etme-402)

The document discusses mathematical modeling and system simulation. It defines a mathematical model as a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language. Mathematical models can take various forms such as differential equations, statistical models, or logical models. Models are classified based on whether they are linear or nonlinear, static or dynamic, explicit or implicit, discrete or continuous, deterministic or probabilistic. The major elements of a traditional mathematical model include governing equations, defining equations, constitutive equations, and constraints.

Uploaded by

aman kanungo
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ENGINEERING SYSTEM MODELLING

AND SIMULATION(ETME-402)
UNIT - I Basic System models:
Mathematical models,
system
• A system is a regularly interacting or
interdependent group of items forming a
unified whole. Everysystem is delineated by its
spatial and temporal boundaries, surrounded
and influenced by its environment, described
by its structure and purpose and expressed in
its functioning.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
• MATHEMATICAL MODEL BUILD
DEFINATION

• A mathematical model is a description of a 


system using mathematical concepts and 
language. The process of developing a
mathematical model is termed mathematical
modeling
• A model may help to explain a system and to
study the effects of different components, and
to make predictions about behaviour.
Elements of a mathematical model

• Mathematical models can take many forms, including 


dynamical systems, statistical models, 
differential equations, or game theoretic models.in
general, mathematical models may include 
logical models.
• the traditional mathematical model contains four major
elements
•  Governing equations
• Defining equations
• Constitutive equations
• Constraints
Classifications

• Mathematical models are usually composed of


relationships and variables. Relationships can be
described by operators, such as algebraic operators,
functions, differential operators, etc. Variables are
abstractions of system parameters of interest, that
can be quantified.
• Linear vs. nonlinear: If all the operators in a
mathematical model exhibit linearity, the resulting
mathematical model is defined as linear. A model is
considered to be nonlinear otherwise.
Classifications(contd)

• Static vs. dynamic: A dynamic model accounts for time-


dependent changes in the state of the system, while a static (or
steady-state) model calculates the system in equilibrium, and
thus is time-invariant.

• Explicit vs. implicit: If all of the input parameters of the overall


model are known, and the output parameters can be calculated
by a finite series of computations, the model is said to
be explicit. But sometimes it is the output parameters which are
known, and the corresponding inputs must be solved for by an
iterative procedureIn such a case the model is said to
be implicit. 
Classifications(contd)

• Discrete vs. continuous: A discrete model treats objects as discrete, such as the


particles in a molecular model or the states in a statistical model; while a continuous
modelrepresents the objects in a continuous manner, such as the velocity field of fluid
in pipe flows.

• Deterministic vs. probabilistic (stochastic): A deterministic model is one in which every


set of variable states is uniquely determined by parameters in the model.and by sets of
previous states of these variables; therefore, a deterministic model always performs the
same way for a given set of initial conditions. Conversely, in a stochastic model—usually
called a "statistical model"—randomness is present, and variable states are not
described by unique values, but rather by probability distributions

• Deductive, inductive, or floating: A deductive model is a logical structure based on a


theory. An inductive model arises from empirical findings and generalization from them.
The floating model rests on neither theory nor observation, but is merely the invocation
of expected structure.

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