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Structured System Analysis and Design

This document discusses structured system analysis and design tools. It describes data flow diagrams (DFDs) as a graphical representation that portrays data flow through a system using bubbles and lines. A data dictionary defines all DFD elements and data structures. Structured English uses logical constructs like IF/THEN statements. Decision trees and tables represent decision logic, with tables showing all condition and action combinations. These tools help analyze business requirements and design computer programs and procedures.

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Sameer Airy
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385 views

Structured System Analysis and Design

This document discusses structured system analysis and design tools. It describes data flow diagrams (DFDs) as a graphical representation that portrays data flow through a system using bubbles and lines. A data dictionary defines all DFD elements and data structures. Structured English uses logical constructs like IF/THEN statements. Decision trees and tables represent decision logic, with tables showing all condition and action combinations. These tools help analyze business requirements and design computer programs and procedures.

Uploaded by

Sameer Airy
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRUCTURED SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Presented By:
Ravi Shankar Jha
Vishal Kumar
Ravikant
Vaibhav Anant
Contents

 What Is Structured Analysis?

 Tools Used for Structured Analysis.

 Data Flow Diagram.

 Data Dictionary.

 Structured English.

 Decision Tree.

 Decision Table.
What is
structured
analysis

 Structured Analysis is a set of techniques and


graphical tool that allow the analyst to
develop a new kind of system specifications
that are easily understandable to the user.

 Are methods for analyzing and converting


business requirements into specifications and
ultimately, computer programs, hardware
configurations and related manual
procedures.
 The analysis consists of interpreting the
system concept into data and control
terminology.

 Is part of a series of structured methods,


that "represent a collection of analysis,
design, and programming techniques that
were developed in response to the problems
facing the software.
Tools Used for Structured Analysis

 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

 Data Dictionary.

 Structured English.

 Decision Tree.

 Decision Table
Data Flow
Diagram (DFD)

 A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation


designed by a system analyst and is used as a reference
point by the programmer which portrays the "flow" of
data through an information system.

 It is a starting point of the design phase that functionally


decomposes the requirements specifications down to the
lowest level of detail.

 It is primarily used for the visualization of data


processing for the structured design of an information
system.
 DFD consists of a series of bubbles joined by lines. The
bubbles represent data transformations and the lines
represent data flows in the system.
 This is also called a bubble chart.

 It has four symbols: Square (defines sources), arrow (defines


data flow), circle (defines process) and open rectangle
(defines data store).

 It is the starting point in the system design that decomposes


requirements to the lowest level of detail.

 It identifies major transformations that eventually become


programs in system design.

 It consists of a series of bubbles joined by lines. Bubbles


represent transformations and the lines represent the data
flows in the system.
Advantages

 Represents data flows.

 May be used at high or low level of analysis. For


instance, if the DRE is low during analysis and design,
it means you should spend time improving the way you
conduct formal technical reviews.

 Provides good system documentation.

 Process bubbles can be hierarchically decomposed


into sub-DFDs; the inputs and outputs must match at
all levels of decomposition, so the design has
validation.
Data
Dictionary

 A Data Dictionary is a structured repository of data about data.


 It is a set of rigorous definitions of all DFD data elements and
data structures.
 It clearly documents the list of contents of all data flows,
processes and data stores. The three classes to be defined are:

1.Data Elements: - this is the smallest unit of data. Further


decomposition is not possible.
2.Data Structure: - this is a group of Data Elements which together
form as a unit in a data structure.
3.Data flows and Data stores: - data flows are data structures in
motion. Data Stores are data structures in store. (Data
structures in a data store - a data store is a location where data
structures are temporarily located.)
Structure
d English

 It uses logical constructs to carry out


instructions for actions.

 Decision are made through the use of IF,


THEN, ELSE and SO statements.

 It is highly correlated to the decision tree.

 It would not be a misnomer to call it the


pseudo code of the program.
Decision
Tree

 These clearly sketch out the logical structure


based on the stated policy.
 It is easy to construct , easy to read and easy
to update.
 It shows only the skeletal aspects of the
policy, however in the sense that it does not
lend itself to calculations or show logic as a
set of instructions for action.
Decision
Table

 A decision table is a table of contingencies


for defining a problem and the actions that
need to be taken for it.
 It is a single representation of the
relationships between conditions and
actions; these pairs of condition sets and
actions sets are known as rules
 A condition is usually given a value of 'Y' for
'Yes, it is true", 'N' for 'No' and a dash for 'Do
not care' in each rule.
 Decision table wins over a decision tree that
it can clearly call out the conditions that
need to be tested.

 Decision table can be used to generate code


in a procedural application language which is
optimized for performance based on the
expected likelihood of a rule being valid in
the data.
Conclusion

 DFD- The primary strength is its ability to represent


dataflow. However, the tool only weakly shows input and
output detail.
 Data Dictionary- It helps the analyst to simplify the
structure for meeting the data requirements of the
system, but it does not provide functional details.
 Structured English- It is best used when the problem
requires sequences of actions with decisions.
 Decision Tree- These are used to verify logic and in
problems that involve a few complex decisions resulting in
a limited no of actions.
 Decision Table- Best suited for dealing with complex
branching routines such as calculating discounts or sales
commissions or inventory control procedures.
THANK YOU

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