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Graphing Quadratic Functions: y Ax + BX + C

Quadratic functions are functions that can be represented by an expression of the form y = ax^2 + bx + c, where a, b, and c are real numbers. The graph of a quadratic function is a parabola. The standard form of a quadratic function is y = ax^2 + bx + c, where the parabola will open up if a is positive and open down if a is negative. Key features of quadratic functions include finding the line of symmetry, vertex, and maximum or minimum values by using formulas related to the standard form.

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Megan Dolan Fenneuff
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46 views14 pages

Graphing Quadratic Functions: y Ax + BX + C

Quadratic functions are functions that can be represented by an expression of the form y = ax^2 + bx + c, where a, b, and c are real numbers. The graph of a quadratic function is a parabola. The standard form of a quadratic function is y = ax^2 + bx + c, where the parabola will open up if a is positive and open down if a is negative. Key features of quadratic functions include finding the line of symmetry, vertex, and maximum or minimum values by using formulas related to the standard form.

Uploaded by

Megan Dolan Fenneuff
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Graphing Quadratic Functions

y = ax2 + bx + c
Quadratic expression:
  degree 2 ax2 + bx + c

Quadratic function:
  quadratic expressions set equal to a variable
 
y = ax2 + bx + c

f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
 
  solution is all points (ordered pairs) on a parabola

Quadratic equation:
  quadratic expression set equal to a constant
 
-2x2 + 8x – 5 = 0

    solution is 0, 1, or 2 values
Quadratic Functions
y
The graph of a quadratic function
is a parabola.
Vertex

A parabola can open up or down.

If the parabola opens up, the


lowest point is called the vertex.
x

If the parabola opens down, the


vertex is the highest point.

NOTE: if the parabola opened Vertex


left or right it would not be a
function!
Standard Form
y
The standard form of a
quadratic function is
a>0
y = ax2 + bx + c
The parabola will open up
when the a value is positive.

x
The parabola will open down
when the a value is negative.

a<0
Line of Symmetry
Lineyof
Parabolas have a symmetric
Symmetry
property to them.

If we drew a line down the


middle of the parabola, we
could fold the parabola in half.

We call this line the line of x


symmetry.

Or, if we graphed one side of


the parabola, we could “fold”
(or REFLECT) it over, the line
of symmetry to graph the other The line of symmetry ALWAYS
side. passes through the vertex.
Finding the Line of Symmetry

When a quadratic function is in For example…


standard form
Find the line of symmetry of
y = ax + bx + c,
2
y = 3x2 – 18x + 7
The equation of the line of
symmetry is Using the formula…

x  b x  18  18  3
2a 2 3 6
This is best read as …
the opposite of b divided by the Thus, the line of symmetry is x = 3.
quantity of 2 times a.
Finding the Vertex
We know the line of symmetry y = –2x2 + 8x –3
always goes through the vertex.
STEP 1: Find the line of symmetry
Thus, the line of symmetry
gives us the x – coordinate of x  b  8  8  2
2a 2(2) 4
the vertex. STEP 2: Plug the x – value into the
original equation to find the y value.
To find the y – coordinate of the
vertex, we need to plug the x – y = –2(2)2 + 8(2) –3
value into the original equation. y = –2(4)+ 8(2) –3

y = –8+ 16 –3
y=5

Therefore, the vertex is (2 , 5)


A Quadratic Function in Standard Form
The standard form of a quadratic There are 3 steps to graphing a
function is given by parabola in standard form.
y = ax2 + bx + c

STEP 1: Find the line of symmetry PlotMAKE


USE
thethe
Plug in A
theTABLE
equation
line of
y-intercept (0,c)
symmetry (x – value) to
using
Reflect
obtain xthe -
overb
x – values close
axis of to
STEP 2: Find the vertex
the line= y – value of the
of symmetry.
symmetry
STEP 3: Plot the y-intercept (0,c) and 2a
vertex.
reflect across the line of symmetry.

STEP 4: Find two other points and reflect


them across the line of symmetry. Then
connect the five points with a smooth
curve.
A Quadratic Function in Standard Form
Let's Graph ONE! Try … y

y = 2x2 – 4x – 1
STEP 1: Find the line of
symmetry

-b 4
x= = =1 x
2a 2( 2)

Thus the line of symmetry is x = 1


A Quadratic Function in Standard Form
Let's Graph ONE! Try … y

y = 2x2 – 4x – 1
STEP 2: Find the vertex

Since the x – value of the


vertex is given by the line of
symmetry, we need to plug
in x = 1 to find the y – value
x
of the vertex.

y = 2( 1) 2 - 4( 1) - 1 = - 3

Thus the vertex is (1 ,–3).


A Quadratic Function in Standard Form
Let's Graph ONE! Try … y

y = 2x2 – 4x – 1

STEP 3: Plot the y-intercept


(0,-1) and reflect across the line
of symmetry

x
A Quadratic Function in Standard Form
Let's Graph ONE! Try … y

y = 2x2 – 4x – 1

STEP 4: Find two other points


and reflect them across the line
of symmetry. Then connect the
five points with a smooth
curve.
x y x

2 –1
3 5

y = 2 ( 2) 2 - 4 ( 2 ) - 1 = - 1
y = 2( 3) 2 - 4( 3) - 1 = 5
Standard Form
y
The standard form of a
quadratic function is
a>0
y = ax2 + bx + c
The parabola will open up
when the a value is positive.

x
The parabola will open down
when the a value is negative.

a<0
Maximum and Minimum Values
y
The graph of a quadratic function
is a parabola. Maximum

A parabola can open up or down.

If the parabola opens up, the


lowest point is called the
minimum. x

If the parabola opens down, the


highest point is a maximum.
Minimum

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