DOING PHILOSOPHY
I believe that this world is_____________
Because________.The________kind of
life is the best kind of life.
The most important thing man must
have is_______________
What are some major Questions
that Philosophers ponder upon?
REALITY
CERTAINTY
CAUSALITY
ETHICS/MORALITY
REALITY
Refers to the state of existence of things
independent of human conciousness.
-includes physical things that we
see,feel,taste,and smell
-Things we cannot easily perceive and
comprehend
-Things that presently exist and things that
are yet to exist.
2 division of Reality:
1.ABSTRACT
2.CONCRETE
-METAPHYSICS-branch of Philosophy which
addresses questions regarding reality.
ONTOLOGY- branch of Metaphysics,focuses
on the classification of existing things.
Examples: time,space,the nature of the
universe and nature of human being/what
makes man he is.
CERTAINTY
-Refers to perfect knowledge that is free from
error or doubt.
-Philosophy seeks to achieve certainty in its
quest for knowledge,though many
philosophers believe that it is impossible to
be perfectly certain.
-Central concept in the question of certainty
is TRUTH and KNOWLEDGE
-Rationalism-a theory of knowledge which
believes that knowledge is a priori knowledge
Empiricism-is another theory which
considers knowledge to be a
posteriori.
Skepticism-another theory that
questions the certainty of
established doctrines or truths and
believes that the mind has limits in
perceiving and understanding
reality.
Epistemology-branch of Philosophy
which deals with the nature and
extent of knowledge
CAUSALITY
Refers to the causes of events and
phenomena.
-Philosophers analyze causality by
examining events in the context of a
cause and effect relationship.
Closely Related to the concept of
causality:
Origin of things
Purpose
Ultimate cause
Agency
-Philosophers accept that human beings are capable of
making decisions that define their actions.
-How humans make decisions,however is a topic of
much discussion and debate.
-Freewill-the ability to choose among possible actions.
Others factors:reason,belief,desire,and morality.
Choice-is an important aspect of discussion on agency
and freewill.
Determinism-each event is determined or influenced by
by specific set of events or factors.
-related concept is destiny-refers to a predetermined
course of events leading to a specific outcome or future.
ETIOLOGY- branch of philosophy that studies causality
TELEOLOGY-branch of philosophy which deals questions
of purpose.
ETHICS/MORAL PHILOSOPHY
-Refers to the standards of right and wrong
which define human behavior.
Concepts: right and wrong,greater
good,duty,obligation,virtue.
-is tha branch that seeks to apply and
analyze these concepts in various
situations,contexts,cultures and recommends
guidelines that will govern the decisions and
actions of people.
What methods and tools do
Philosophers use in the conduct
of their study?
1. SYSTEMATIC DOUBT
2.ARGUMENT
3.DIALECTIC
4.SOCRATIC METHOD
5.AXIOMS
6.OCCAM’S RAZOR
7.FORMAL LOGIC
8.THOUGHT EXPERIMENT & ALLEGORY
What are the practical uses of
Philosophy in our lives?
1. Philosophy requires a person to engage in analysis
and interpretation of
concepts,definitions,arguments,and problems.
2.Problem Solving and decision making are important
aspects in life which can benefit from a knowledge of
philosophy
3.A philosopher is also a good communicator who
can clearly and adequately present his or her ideas.
4.Wisdom-the ability to apply knowledge/sound
choices and judgment.
5.Knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to self-
development.
Identify to which philosophical question the following
statements refer.Reality,Certainty,Causality,Ethics
______1. It is right for one life to be sacrificed,so that hundreds
will be saved?
______2.When that politician said that he ran for office because he
wanted to serve,was he being sincere?or deceitful?
_______3.The passage of time is an illusion
_______4.What factors brought about the Great Recession in the
United States in 2007?
_______5.The rampant abuse of natural resources and the
uncontrolled release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
had contributed to global warming and climate change.
________6.We happen to live in one many possible worlds
________7.It is not right for one man to live in prosperity while
thousands suffer in poverty.
________8.Lets find out what happens when we mix pottasium
chloride and sodium nitrate.
_______9. Everything that happens is according
to Gods Divine Plan
________10.The forensic evidence gathered
from the crime scene proves that the suspect
was in the room when the crime was
committed.
