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KNOWING ONESELF
Learning Objectives
The learner will be able to define
what “SELF” means
The learner will be able to define
what “PERSONALITY” means
Discuss different ways in
measuring an individual’s
personality
DEFINING THE “SELF”
DEFINING THE “SELF”
Philosophical terms – it is the being, which is the source of a person’s
consciousness. The self is considered as an intangible entity that directs a
person’s thoughts and actions. It is outside the physical realm of the person.
Is the essence of a person: his thoughts feelings and actions, experiences,
beliefs, values, principles, and relationships.
Defined as the individuality of a person which is subject of learning
experiences, varied emotions and thoughts
WHAT IS
PERSONALITY?
WHAT IS PERSONALITY?
Referred to as the set of behaviors,
feelings, thoughts, and motives that
identifies an individual.
The essence of who we are and the
embodiment of one’s physical,
psychological, cognitive, affective, and
spiritual self.
Refers to the unique and relatively
enduring set of behaviors, feelings,
thoughts, and motives that characterize
an individual (Feist and Rosenberg, 2012).
WHAT IS PERSONALITY?
Personality is influenced by both
nature (heredity) and nurture
(environment). There is no single gene
that creates a trait. It is always a
complex combination of genes,
environmental exposure and
experiences, and cultural backgrounds.
HOW DO WE EXPLAIN PERSONALITY?
Personality can be explained in
various ways according to different
schools of thoughts and their
respective theorists. One of which is
the trait theory.
TRAIT THEORY
This is an approach in identifying types of personalities based
on certain traits or attributes, which vary from one person to
the other.
Some of the Trait Theorists:
1. D.W. Fiske (1949)
2. Goldberg (1981)
3. Costa and McCrae (1987)
Big Five Personality Traits
O penness to
Experience
– tendency to be original, have
broad interests, be open to a
wide range of stimuli, be
daring and take risks
O
HI
penness to
Experience
in openness to experience may
be especially likely to take
GH
risks and be innovative in their
planning and decision making
O
L
penness to
Experience
in this trait may be less prone to
O take risks and be more
W conservative in their planning
and decision making
C onscientiousness
– tendency to be careful,
scrupulous, and
persevering
C onscientiousness
HI in this trait are organized
GH and self-disciplined
C onscientiousness
L in this trait lack direction
O and self-discipline
W
E XTRAVERSION
– tendency to experience
positive emotions and
moods and feel good about
oneself and the rest of the
world
E
HI
XTRAVERSION
in extraversion tend
to be sociable,
GH
affectionate,
outgoing and
friendly
E
L
XTRAVERSION
in extraversion tend
to be less inclined
O toward social
W interaction and have
a less positive
outlook
A greeableness
– tendency to get along
well with others
A greeableness
in this trait are likable,
HI affectionate and care
GH about others
A
L
greeableness
In this trait may be
distrustful,
O unsympathetic,
W uncooperative and
antagonistic
N EUROTICISM
– tendency to experience
negative emotions and
moods, feel distressed,
and be critical of oneself
and others
N
HI
EUROTICISM
negative affectivity may often
feel angry and dissatisfied
GH and complain about their
own and others’ lack of
progress
N
L
EUROTICISM
in negative affectivity do
not tend to experience
O many negative emotions
W and moods and are less
pessimistic and critical of
themselves and others
Big Five Personality Traits
Different Ways in Measuring Personality:
Observation
Personality Tests
Some examples of Personality Tests:
16 Personality Factors
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
BarOn EQ: I-s
Emotions Profile Index
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
How do we get to know OURSELVES?
1. INTROSPECTION OR SELF-
ANALYSIS – this can be initiated
by asking a question that may be
thought provoking thus leading to
a series of sub questions and
queries about the self.
How do we get to know OURSELVES?
2. KEEP A SELF-REFLECTIVE JOURNAL
Positive self-reflection – is an analysis or
assessment of the self while focusing on the
strengths and the abilities, skills, potentials.
This is to pay attention on the good side of
the self to motivate the “SELF”.
Negative self-reflection – is an analysis of the
self based on the weaknesses, but most
especially those failures so as to have an
acceptance and further growth through of
what the shortcoming of the individual are.
How do we get to know OURSELVES?
3. BE SELF-AWARE – this is a skill
where we tune in to our feelings,
thoughts and actions to
understand how it affects us and
the significant others in our life. It
is necessary to “see one’s self” and
not how others see us. What
matters is how we regard
ourselves and not how others
regard us.
How do we get to know OURSELVES?
4. SELF-AFFIRMATION – focuses
more on your inner strength and
beauty. LOVE yourself
CASE ANALYSIS
Essen is 16 years of age and has been constantly problematic
about her weight. She considers her weight and built as a great
burden in her life as she thought that her classmates since grade
school and high school have tagged her as “Fatty Essen”. She
constantly was bullied for this so she had to cease from
befriending anybody. She was resigned to this reality and even
found herself ugly and dirty compared to her schoolmates. This
concept about her looks prevented her from joining social events
including their JS Prom. She would be very elusive to any
attempt of any acquaintance who would converse with her.
QUESTIONS
1. How does Essen see herself?
2. Why is it that she does not want to make friends?
3. How do these issues affect her life as an individual?
4. How do you think can such issue be resolved?