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Introduction To Computer Networks: Ed T. Espiritu

The document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses that a computer network connects two or more autonomous computers that can be located anywhere. It describes different types of networks including LAN, MAN, and WAN. It also outlines common network topologies like bus, star, ring, and mesh. Additionally, it discusses network components such as physical media, networking devices, computers, networking software, and applications. Finally, it introduces the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol.

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Marjhon Tubilla
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41 views

Introduction To Computer Networks: Ed T. Espiritu

The document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses that a computer network connects two or more autonomous computers that can be located anywhere. It describes different types of networks including LAN, MAN, and WAN. It also outlines common network topologies like bus, star, ring, and mesh. Additionally, it discusses network components such as physical media, networking devices, computers, networking software, and applications. Finally, it introduces the OSI model and TCP/IP protocol.

Uploaded by

Marjhon Tubilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Computer Networks

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
NETWORKS

Ed T. Espiritu
[email protected]
Introduction to Computer Networks

Computer Networks
Computer network
connects two or more
autonomous computers.

The computers can be


geographically located
anywhere.
Introduction to Computer Networks

LAN, MAN & WAN


Network in small geographical Area (Room, Building
or a Campus) is called LAN (Local Area Network)

Network in a City is call MAN (Metropolitan Area


Network)

Network spread geographically (Country or across


Globe) is called WAN (Wide Area Network)
Introduction to Computer Networks

Applications of Networks
Resource Sharing
Hardware (computing resources, disks, printers)
Software (application software)
Information Sharing
Easy accessibility from anywhere (files, databases)
Search Capability (WWW)
Communication
Email
Message broadcast
Remote computing
Distributed processing (GRID Computing)
Introduction to Computer Networks

Network Topology
The network topology
defines the way in
which computers,
printers, and other
devices are connected.
A network topology
describes the layout of
the wire and devices as
well as the paths used
by data transmissions.
Introduction to Computer Networks

Bus Topology
Commonly referred to
as a linear bus, all the
devices on a bus
topology are connected
by one single cable.
Introduction to Computer Networks

Star & Tree Topology


The star topology is the most
commonly used architecture in
Ethernet LANs.
When installed, the star
topology resembles spokes in
a bicycle wheel.
Larger networks use the
extended star topology also
called tree topology. When
used with network devices that
filter frames or packets, like
bridges, switches, and routers,
this topology significantly
reduces the traffic on the wires
by sending packets only to the
wires of the destination host.
Introduction to Computer Networks

Ring Topology
A frame travels around the ring,
stopping at each node. If a node
wants to transmit data, it adds the
data as well as the destination
address to the frame.
The frame then continues around
the ring until it finds the
destination node, which takes the
data out of the frame.
Single ring – All the devices on
the network share a single cable
Dual ring – The dual ring topology
allows data to be sent in both
directions.
Introduction to Computer Networks

Mesh Topology
The mesh topology
connects all devices
(nodes) to each other
for redundancy and
fault tolerance.
It is used in WANs to
interconnect LANs and
for mission critical
networks like those
used by banks and
financial institutions.
Implementing the mesh
topology is expensive
and difficult.
Introduction to Computer Networks

Network Components
Physical Media
Interconnecting Devices
Computers
Networking Software
Applications
Introduction to Computer Networks

Networking Media
Networking media can
be defined simply as
the means by which
signals (data) are sent
from one computer to
another (either by cable
or wireless means).
Introduction to Computer Networks

Networking Devices
HUB, Switches, Routers,
Wireless Access Points,
Modems etc.
Introduction to Computer Networks

Computers: Clients and Servers


In a client/server
network arrangement,
network services are
located in a dedicated
computer whose only
function is to respond
to the requests of
clients.

The server contains the


file, print, application,
security, and other
services in a central
computer that is
continuously available
to respond to client
requests.
Introduction to Computer Networks

Networking Protocol: TCP/IP


Introduction to Computer Networks

Applications
E-mail
Searchable Data (Web Sites)
E-Commerce
News Groups
Internet Telephony (VoIP)
Video Conferencing
Chat Groups
Instant Messengers
Internet Radio
Introduction to Computer Networks

OSI Model
2.2.3 The functions of each layer

Application
Layer 7: The Application Layer    
Presentation The application layer is the OSI layer that
is closest to the user; it provides network
Session services to the user's applications. It
differs from the other layers in that it does
Transport not provide services to any other OSI
layer, but rather, only to applications
outside the OSI model.
Network
Data Link
Physical
2.2.3 The functions of each layer

Application

Presentation Layer 6: The Presentation Layer


The presentation layer ensures that the
Session information that the application layer of
one system sends out is readable by the
Transport application layer of another system.
Responsible for compression and
encryption
Network
Data Link
Physical
2.2.3 The functions of each layer

Application

Presentation
Layer 5: The Session Layer
Session the session layer establishes, manages, and
terminates sessions between two
Transport communicating hosts.

Network
Data Link
Physical
2 2.2.3 The functions of each layer

Application

Presentation Layer 3: The Network Layer


The network layer is a complex layer that
Session provides connectivity and path selection
between two host systems that may be
Transport located on geographically separated
networks.
Network
Data Link
Physical
2.2.3 The functions of each layer

Application
Layer 2: The Data Link Layer
Presentation The data link layer provides reliable
transit of data across a physical link. In so
Session doing, the data link layer is concerned
with physical (as opposed to logical)
Transport addressing, network topology, network
access, error notification, ordered delivery
of frames, and flow control.
Network
Data Link
Physical
2 2.2.3 The functions of each layer

Application

Presentation Layer 1: The Physical Layer


The physical layer defines the electrical,
Session mechanical, procedural, and functional
specifications for activating, maintaining,
Transport and deactivating the physical link between
end systems.
Network
Data Link
Physical
Peer-to-peer communications

• In order for data to travel from the source to the destination, each layer
of the OSI model at the source must communicate with its peer layer at
the destination.
• This form of communication is referred to as peer-to-peer.
• During this process, the protocols of each layer exchange information,
called protocol data units (PDUs).
• Each layer of communication on the source computer communicates
with a layer-specific PDU, and with its peer layer on the destination
computer as illustrated in Figure
Introduction to Computer Networks

Assignment
• Read “Borrowing Wi-Fi from Neighbours:
Right or Wrong?”
– http://thisbigcity.net/borrowing-wi-fi-from-neighbours-ri
ght-or-wrong/

– send your own comment in 130-150 words.


submit it next meeting
– edtespiritu.wordpress.com
– Do visit my blog site.
– Do visit my YouTube channel Ed T. Espiritu

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