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Week 2 - Lecture Notes

This document discusses discrete time signal processing. It defines discrete time signals and their representations including graphical, functional, tabular and sequence representations. It describes elementary signals like impulse, step, ramp and exponential signals. It also covers signal classification into energy/power signals and even/odd signals. Finally, it discusses basic signal operations including time delay, folding and time scaling.

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Ghozi Albizia
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views

Week 2 - Lecture Notes

This document discusses discrete time signal processing. It defines discrete time signals and their representations including graphical, functional, tabular and sequence representations. It describes elementary signals like impulse, step, ramp and exponential signals. It also covers signal classification into energy/power signals and even/odd signals. Finally, it discusses basic signal operations including time delay, folding and time scaling.

Uploaded by

Ghozi Albizia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

TTI3B3 – DISCRETE TIME SIGNAL PROCESSING

DISCRETE TIME SIGNAL

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING FACULTY


2

Content
Discrete Time Signal Overview
Signal Representation
Elementary Signal
Signal Classification
Signal Operations
3

Signal Representation

Graphical Representation
Functional Representation
Tabular Representation
Sequence Representation
4
Graphical Representation

 n = integer , -  < n < 


 xa(t)  x(n) = xa(nT), T = sampling period
 x(n) = the nth signal
5
Functional Representation
1, n  0,  1, 3
2, n  1,  2

x ( n)  
  1, n  2
0, n lainnya

Tabular Representation
6
Sequence Representation
 Series with unlimited duration

x(n)  , 2,  1, 2,  1, 2,  1, 

 Series with limited duration


x(n)   2, 1, 1, 2,  1, 1
7

Elementary Signal
 Impulse unit signal
 Step unit signal
 Exponential signal
 Ramp unit signal
8
• Impulse Unit Signal

1, n  0
 ( n)  
0 , n  0
9
• Step Unit signal

1, n  0
u ( n)  
0 , n  0
10
• Ramp Unit signal

n, n  0
r ( n)  
0, n  0
11
• Exponential signal (a real)
x ( n)  a n
Signal Classification 12

 Energy signal
 Power signal
 Even signal (symmetrical signal)
 Odd signal (antisymmetric signal)
• Energy Signal and Power Signal 13

 x ( n)
2
Energy of x (n) signal E
n  

If E is limited (0 < E <) x(n) = energy signal


N
1

2
Power of x(n) signal P  lim x ( n )
N  2 N  1
n N

N
1
 x ( n)
2
EN  P  lim EN
n N N  2 N  1

If P is limited and  0 x(n) = power signal


If x(n) is periodic signal :
14

x(n + N) = x(n)  N = period


k
x(n)  A sin( 2 f o N ) fo 
N
N 1
1

2
Power of x(n) signal P x ( n)
N n 0

P limited:

Periodic Signal = Power Signal


• Signal Even (Symmetric) 15

x (  n)  x ( n)
• Odd Signal (Antisymmetric) 16

x (  n)   x ( n)
When x (n) is any signal :
17

1
xe (n)  [ x(n)  x(n)]
2
1
xe (n)  [ x(n)  x(n)]  xe (n)
2

xe(n) is even signal


18
1
xo (n)  [ x(n)  x(n)]
2
1
xo (n)  [ x(n)  x(n)]   xo (n)
2
xo (n) is odd signal

xe (n)  xo (n)
1 1
 [ x(n)  x(n)]  [ x(n)  x(n)]
2 2
 x ( n)
Signal Operations 19

 Time delay
 Folding
 Time Scaling
• Time Delay 20

y (n)  TDk  x(n)


 x(n  k )
y(n )  TD3  x (n )  x (n  3)
y(0)  x (0  3)  x (3)
y(1)  x (1  3)  x (2)
x (n ) shifted 3 units to right
side

y(n )  TD  2 [ x (n )]  x (n  2)
y(0)  x (0  2)  x (2)
y(1)  x (1  2)  x (3)
x (n ) shifted 2 units to left side
• Folding 21

y (n)  FD x(n)  x(n)


y1 (n)  FD x(n)  x(n)
y (1)  x(1)  2
y (1)  x(1)  1
x(n) mirrored to vertical axis

y2 (n)  TD2  y1 (n)


 TD2 [ x( n)]
 x( n  (2))  x(n  2)
x n  mirrored, then shifted 2 units
to the right
• Time Scaling 22

y (n)  x( n)
y ( n)  x ( 2n)
Example :

y (0)  x(0)
y (1)  x(2)
y (1)  x(2)
y (2)  x(4)
… etc
23

There is a discrete signal which is defined as:

 n,  2  n  1

x(n)  n  1, 0  n  3
0, n lainnya

Draw it : Example
Problem 1
a. x(n) b. x(-n-2) c. x(-2n+4)
Answer : 24

a.
b. Draw x( n  2) 25

1. Using signal operation


x(n  2)  x   n  2 
folded
Shifted 2 units to the left side

folded

Shifted 2 units to the


left side
2. Using calculation method 26

y (n)  x(n  2)
y (5)  x    5  2   x 3  2
y (4)  x(2)  1
y (3)  x(1)  0
y (2)  x(0)  1
y (1)  x(1)  1
y (0)  x(2)  2
y (1)  x(1)  0
y (2)  x(4)  0
c. Draw x(2n  4) 27

1. Using signal operation


x(2n  4)  x  2 n  2  
folded Shifted 2 units to the right side
2 times compressions

2 times compressions

Shifted 2 units to the right side


2. Using calculation method 28

y (n)  x(2n  4)
y (1)  x  2.1  4   x 2   1
y (2)  x(0)  1
y (3)  x(2)  2
Problem 2
29

A discrete signal is known as follows :

a. Draw the even part of x(n)=xe(n)


b. Draw the odd part of x(n)=xo(n)
c. Add these two parts together, is it the same as x(n)?
30

1 1
x e (n )   x (n )  x ( n ) xo (n)   x(n)  x(n)
2 2
31

xe (n)  xo (n)  x(n)


=
32

Draw the following signals :

a. x1  n   u   n  1
b. x 2  n   u  n   u  n  2 
c. x3  n   u  n  2  u  n  1

Problem 3
a. x1  n   u   n  1
b. x 2  n   u  n   u  n  2 
33

 u    n  1 

=
c. x 3  n   u  n  2   u  n  1 34

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