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    Sfo4 Edgardo A. Nogales: Plans and Training, BFP Makati City Fire Department

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    Rozel Laigo Reyes
    1. A fire occurs through the process of combustion, which is the rapid oxidation of a combustible material accompanied by heat and light. 2. The "fire triangle" outlines the three elements needed for fire: oxygen, heat, and fuel. A fire will not occur without the presence of all three elements. 3. There are different classes of fire based on the materials burning, and appropriate fire extinguishers should be used depending on the class of fire. Portable extinguishers are effective for small fires only and should not replace automatic sprinklers for large fires.

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    Sfo4 Edgardo A. Nogales: Plans and Training, BFP Makati City Fire Department

    Uploaded by

    Rozel Laigo Reyes
    58 views34 pages
    1. A fire occurs through the process of combustion, which is the rapid oxidation of a combustible material accompanied by heat and light. 2. The "fire triangle" outlines the three elements needed for fire: oxygen, heat, and fuel. A fire will not occur without the presence of all three elements. 3. There are different classes of fire based on the materials burning, and appropriate fire extinguishers should be used depending on the class of fire. Portable extinguishers are effective for small fires only and should not replace automatic sprinklers for large fires.

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    CHEMISTRY OF FIRE

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    1. A fire occurs through the process of combustion, which is the rapid oxidation of a combustible material accompanied by heat and light. 2. The "fire triangle" outlines the three elements needed for fire: oxygen, heat, and fuel. A fire will not occur without the presence of all three elements. 3. There are different classes of fire based on the materials burning, and appropriate fire extinguishers should be used depending on the class of fire. Portable extinguishers are effective for small fires only and should not replace automatic sprinklers for large fires.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    58 views34 pages

    Sfo4 Edgardo A. Nogales: Plans and Training, BFP Makati City Fire Department

    Uploaded by

    Rozel Laigo Reyes
    1. A fire occurs through the process of combustion, which is the rapid oxidation of a combustible material accompanied by heat and light. 2. The "fire triangle" outlines the three elements needed for fire: oxygen, heat, and fuel. A fire will not occur without the presence of all three elements. 3. There are different classes of fire based on the materials burning, and appropriate fire extinguishers should be used depending on the class of fire. Portable extinguishers are effective for small fires only and should not replace automatic sprinklers for large fires.

    Copyright:

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    of 34

    SFO4 EDGARDO A.

    NOGALES
    Plans and Training, BFP
    Makati City Fire Department
    Is a chemical reaction known as combustion.
    Is a rapid oxidation (combining with air) of combustible
    (easily burned) materials accompanied by the release of
    energy in the form of heat (rise in temperature) and light
    (radiance brought about by flame of fire).
    OXYGEN
    It is the element normally found in the air as an
    odorless, tasteless gas that is essential to life.
    Air is composed of 79% Nitrogen and 21%
    Oxygen. Once oxygen is reduced to 15%
    volume, the flame is extinguish.

    FUEL
    It is any substance that can be burned to
    produce power or heat.

    HEAT
    Heat is the energy necessary to increase the
    temperature of the fuel to a point where
    sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to
    occur.
    SOLID LIQUID GAS
    COMBUSTIBLE NON FLAMMABLE NON FLAMMABL NON
    COMBUSTIBLE FLAMMABLE E FLAMMABLE
    WOOD STONE ETHANE AIR
    GRAVEL GASOLINE WATER
    PAPER METHANE
    CONCRETE KEROSENE
    COTTON BUTANE
    MARBLE THINNERS
    COAL ETC.
    ETC. ALCOHOL
    PLASTIC
    LACQUER
    ETC.
    PANTS, ETC.

    The triangle of FIRE is considered as the determining ability to burn.


    OX HEAT L
    YG E
    EN FU

    The tetrahedron of fire reflects the speed of flame


    propagation and sustained intensity of burning.
    CONDUCTION
    Is the spread of fire’s heat to iron, pipe or covering of
    seal connecting to the combustible materials.

    CONVECTION
    Is the diffusion f heat through a circulating medium
    usually a gas or liquid by means of the flow of the hotter
    parts of the medium to the colder parts.

    RADIATION
    Is the spread of fire through radiation of heat waves to
    any exposed combustibles.

    DIRECT CONTACT
    It is the spread of fire with direct contact with the flame.
    1. FIRE GASES
    It refers to the vaporized product of combustion
    ( toxic gases).
    Example:
    Carbon Monoxide is an odorless, colorless and
    tasteless gas. It is a highly explosive gas having an
    ignition temperature of 1204 degrees Fahrenheit and
    a wide range of 12.5% to 72% distance.
    Gasoline vapor and Carbon Dioxide are gasses
    that are three to four times heavier than air.

    Note: Keep in mind that all vapors become lighter as


    they are heated.
    2. FLAME
    It is the visible luminous body of burning gasses.

    3. HEAT
    It is a form of energy felt physically which is
    measured in degree of temperature to signify its
    intensity.

    4. SMOKE
    It consists of mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
    dioxide and some carbon monoxide. It is ordinarily
    encountered in any fire having different distinct
    colors.
    CLASS “A”
    Fire in any combustible materials
    such as: wood, paper, cloth, cellulose
    (natural) fibers where the “quenching
    – cooling” effect of quantities of water
    is most important.

    CLASS “B”
    Fire in flammable liquids such as:
    gasoline, paints, thinners and others
    where the “blanketing, smothering”
    effect is essential.
    CLASS “C”
    Fire in live electrical equipment
    where the use of “non-conducing”
    extinguishing agent is of first
    importance.

    CLASS “D”
    Fire in combustible metals such as:
    potassium, magnesium, titanium,
    zirconium and sodium. It requires
    special extinguishing agent to
    provide smothering coat or blanket
    on the specific combustible metal
    hazard
    CLASS “E”
    Fire of high-voltage electrical current
    rating. It also includes those of
    nuclear meltdown and atomic
    explosion waves.

    CLASS “K”
    Kitchen fires.
    Most fires are relatively small when they start, and if
    they are detected quickly, they can be easily handled
    with portable fire extinguishers.
    Portable fire extinguisher are intended to be used
    against “small fires”; therefore, they are designed to
    be used close to the burning materials.
    Fire extinguishers should not be expected to take the
    place of automatic sprinklers for controlling large fires.
    No fires should attacked with portable fire
    extinguishers alone. If you are alone and a fire
    occurs, summon assistance first and then try to put
    out fire with an extinguisher. Furthermore, much will
    depend upon the skill with which the extinguisher is
    used.
    STORED PRESSURED TYPE FIRE
    EXTINGUISHER
    1. WATER
    Uses stored pressure or pumping action to expel
    the extinguishing agent

    2. COMPRESSED GAS
    Utilize Carbon Dioxide (CO2) both as a self-
    expellant and extinguishing agent.

    3. DRY CHEMICAL
    Contains such as agent as specially treated sodium
    bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium
    chloride or ammonium phosphate. The agent is
    expelled from the appliance by either stored
    pressure or supplied by a small cartridge of carbon
    dioxide or nitrogen.
    4. DRY POWDER
    Cartridge operated and contain sodium chloride as
    the extinguishing agent.

    5. LIQUEFIED GAS
    Contains Halon 1301 or 1211. It is self expellant
    but usually has stored pressure (Nitrogen) to
    improved its discharge characteristics.

    6. HCFC-123
    Said to be a “clean extinguishing agent”. It is the
    replacement for Halon 1301 or 1211 for its
    characteristics in lessening the depletion of the
    ozone layer.
    Dry Chemical Carbon Dioxide

    Pressurized Water
    FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
    KIND OF COLOR OF USED PHYSICAL EFFECT ON
    EXTINGUISHANT CYLINDER FOR FORM OBJECT
    Dry Chemical RED A, B, C Powder Coats

    HCFC-123 GREEN A, B, C Liquid Gas Interrupts

    BCF YELLOW A, B, C Liquid Gas Interrupts

    AFFF BLUE A, B Liquid Blankets

    Carbon Dioxide RED w/ B, C Liquid Gas Dilutes


    (CO2) horn
    Pressurized Stainless A Liquid Cooling,
    Water Wetting
    SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE ON HOW TO
    OPERATE A FIRE EXTINGUISER

    P - Pull the safety pin out after unlocking the seal.

    A - Aim the nozzle low at the base of fire.

    S - Squeeze the discharge or operating lever.

    S - Sweeping, side-to-side forward motion.


     ELECTRICAL
     Short circuiting
     Overloading / Octopus connection
     Overheated appliances
     Installation of sub-standard materials
     Replacement of sub-standard fuses
     LPG’s (Liquefied petroleum Gas)
     Cigarettes and Matches
     Cooking Equipment
     Kitchen Grease
     Flammable Chemicals
     Lightning
     Unattended burning candles or kerosene lamps
     Debris burning in forest and neglected camp fires
     Arson or intentional burning
     Others
     Always be prepared for fire. Locked, non-
    functional or obstructed fire exits should be
    reported.
     Familiarized yourself in the places where you
    work or frequently go to.
     Have two (2) escape routes in every room of the
    floor.
     If a fire breaks out, DON’T PANIC, KEEP CALM.
    If you knew how to use fire extinguisher, confine
    the fire until it is in its incipient (small) stage.
     If ordered to evacuate, march orderly and calmly
    for the main exit or the nearest alternate path of
    exit. DO NOT USE THE ELEVATOR.
     If force t remain in a smoked-filled building,
    remember that the air is usually better near the
    floor.
     Always stay low when awakened by smoke. Don’t
    stand up, crawl and creep towards the floor. Feel
    the door using the back of your hand, if warm,
    use the window as escape route.
     A temporary refuge may be secured behind any
    door. Even a thin wooden door will temporarily
    stop smoke and hot gasses away from the body
    and may not burn through for several minutes.
     Never return to the building or house once you
    have evacuated outside.
     Proceed to the pre-designated evacuation/holding
    area that was agreed upon by the building
    management and disaster managers. Do not
    leave (for accounting) the area unless so ordered.
     If your clothing is afire, STOP! DO NOT RUN.
    Follow the DROP AND ROLL procedure.
     If burned in a fire, report for medical treatment at
    once. Many burns or smoke inhalations, which at
    first don’t seem serious, have fatal results.
     Observe and maintain proper, safe and sanitary
    house / office keeping at all times.
     Make sure that all electrical wirings are properly
    installed and regularly inspected by competent
    electrician.
     Unplug electrical appliances from the convenient
    outlet every after usage.
     Avoid octopus connection.
     During power interruption, unplug all electrical
    connections. To be safe, pull down the main
    switch or circuit breaker.
     Give your appliances especially stoves, oven
    toasters and microwave ovens of plenty air space
    to prevent overheating.
     Never let the electric stove get red hot.
     Always turn off the stove after cooking. Make
    sure that the valve of the LPG or any fuel supply
    line is also close after use.
     When leak is detected in your gas stove, have it
    repaired or replaced immediately.
     Strictly obey the NO SMOKING sign.
     Do not throw lighted cigar and cigarette butts int
    waste baskets.
    - FINDER (1ST)
    - INFORMS
    - RESTRICTS
    - EVACUATES
    F - FIRE
    I - IGNORANCE
    R - RUINS
    E - EVERYTHING
    When a fire alarm signal sounds, employees/tenants must
     Stop from working.
     Unplug all electrical appliances.
     Shut off gas and any other open flames.
     Put chairs, stools and other obstructions under or atop
    tables or desk to clear the passageway.
     Close doors and windows, except those to be used as
    exits.
     Form a line promptly, with the front of the column facing
    the exit route to be taken.
     Wait for instructions; occupants shall proceed to leave
    the building upon proper signal from the exit guard.
     Preserve the distance between two couples during the
    entire march.
     Upon reaching the evacuation area, join the group by
    forming a cordon to protect evacuated property against
    theft, loss and compromise
     Strictly observe the following;

    DO DO NOT
    Remain calm  Don’t Run
    Follow orders  Don’t lag behind

    Walk carefully  Don’t remain in restrooms

     Don’t return to get personal


    belonging
     Don’t use elevators

     Don’t attempt to leave the


    building except in accordance
    with the exit drill regulations.
    1. LIGHT or LOW
    Where the amount of combustible or flammable liquids
    present is such that fires of small size may be
    expected. (Office, buildings, schools, churches,
    assembly halls, etc.)

    2. ORDINARY or MODERATE
    Where the amount of combustibles or flammable liquids
    present is such that fire of moderate size may me
    expected. (Light manufacturing, parking garage, Shop
    areas, mercantile storage areas, etc.)

    3. EXTRA or HIGH
    Where the amount of combustibles or flammable liquids
    present is such that fires of severe magnitude may be
    expected. (Ware house, auto repair shops, etc.)
    MAKATI CITY EMERGENCY
    TELEPHONE NUMBERS

    HOTLINE 168
    FIRE 818-5150
    POLICE 8999006/08
    OSPITAL NG MAKATI 882-6316
    MAKATI MEDICAL CENTER 888-8999
    MMDA METRO RESCUE 882-4177
    MAPSA 819-3270
    MAKATI RESCUE 895-8243

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